Explosive Initiation of Various Forms of Ti/2B Reactive Materials

Clemenson, Michael; Johnson, Stephanie; Krier, Herman; Glumac, Nick

doi:10.1002/prep.201300114

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Regarding fragmentation mechanisms, the porosity of a reactive material mixture does promote fine fragmentation. A large porosity, however, results in a deficit in TMD, thus leading to a low mechanical strength [5], which conflicts with the definition of a SRM solid. From the intrinsic grainscale properties of dissimilarity and reactivity, fine fragmentation mechanisms have been proposed, using structural discontinuity and impedance mismatch within a SRM solid of multiple dissimilar materials [6][7][8][9], and a reactive hot spot concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dynamic Fragmentation and Blast from a Reactive Material Solid

Zhang

Gauthier

Cojocaru

2017

Prop., Explos., Pyrotech.

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Structural reactive material (SRM) is consolidated from a fine granular mixture of reactive materials towards the mixture theoretical maximum density with little porosity, thus bearing both high energy density and mechanical strength. A reactive hot spot concept was investigated for fine fragmentation of a SRM solid under explosive loading to augment air blast through rapid reaction of fine SRM fragments. In this concept, micro‐sized reactive materials were distributed in a fuel‐rich SRM solid, such as MoO3 particles consolidated in a particulate aluminum base in 10Al+MoO3. Intermetallic reactions of micro‐sized MoO3 and nearby Al under explosive loading created heat and gas products to form microscale hot spots that initiated local fractures leading to fine fragments of the rest of Al. The SRM solid was made of a thick‐walled cylindrical casing, containing a high explosive in a detonation pressure range of 25–34 GPa with a casing‐to‐explosive mass ratio of 1.78. Experiments in a cylindrical chamber demonstrated the presence of a large amount of fine SRM fragments, whose reaction promptly after detonation significantly enhanced the primary and near field blast wave, as compared to the results from a baseline pure Al‐cased charge, thus indicating the feasibility of the concept.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dynamic Fragmentation and Blast from a Reactive Material Solid

Zhang

Gauthier

Cojocaru

2017

Prop., Explos., Pyrotech.

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“…A different set of experiments with shock‐initiated RSMs addresses applications, in which an RSM is dispersed and initiated by interaction with a shock wave produced by a high explosive (HE) . In one of the experiments, a pressed pellet of mechanically alloyed B–Ti powder was placed directly on top of an HE pellet.…”

Section: Characterization Of Rsmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although low density and strength of Al‐PTFE composites severely limits their applications, such materials were studied rather extensively, representing a common reference system for many RSMs developed recently. In addition to metal‐fluoropolymers, the types of RSMs described in the literature include thermites, for example, reactive intermetallic systems, such as Al–Ni, for example, metal‐metalloid systems, including B–Ti, B–Zr, for example, systems forming metal carbides, for example, and simply composites and alloys combining materials with different desired properties, for example, tungsten with a high density with zirconium or hafnium, metals with a relatively high reactivity . Along with the composition, design of composite RSMs and the methods used for their testing vary widely, depending on the intended application, properties of individual components, and capabilities available to the material designers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Structural Materials: Preparation and Characterization

Hastings

Dreizin

2017

Adv Eng Mater

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Reactive structural materials, which can serve both as structural elements as well as a source of chemical energy released upon initiation have emerged as an important class of metal-based composites for use in various energetic systems. Such materials rely on a variety of exothermic reactions, from oxidation to formation of metal-metalloid and intermetallic phases. The rates of these reactions are as important as the energy that may be released, in order for them to occur at the time scales compatible with the requirements of applications. Therefore, chemical composition, scale at which reactive components are mixed, and the structure and morphology of materials are important and can be controlled by the method of preparation and compaction of the composite materials. Methods of preparation of the composite structures are briefly reviewed as well as methods of characterization of their mechanical and energetic properties. In addition to common thermo-analytical and static mechanical property measurements, dynamic tests of mechanical properties as well as ignition and combustion experiments are necessary to understand the fragmentation, initiation, and heat release expected for these materials when they are stimulated by an impact, shock, or rapid heating. Reaction mechanisms are studied presently for the thin layers and small samples of reactive materials initiated in carefully designed experiments. In other experiments, impact and explosive initiation are characterized for larger material compacts in the conditions imitating practical scenarios. Examples of results describing thermal, impact, and explosive initiation of some of the reactive materials are presented.

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“…Reactive liners have been used in various energeticd evices [1][2][3],m ostly relying on exothermic reaction between components of the liner material. While aluminum is the most widely used metal fuel additive to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics [4,5],u se of aluminum powdersc ombined with other components in reactive materials was explored only recently [6][7][8][9][10].M ost of the recentw ork focused on laboratory studies characterizing low-rate reactions in such materials;t hermo-analyticale xperiments are used widely,i np articular.V ery few studies can be found, where blast or shock initiation of new reactivem aterials is characterizede xperimentally with time-resolved measurements [11,12].T ime-resolved measurements are important in understanding the reaction mechanisms and further optimizationo fr eactive materials based on new components, alloys, and composites, whichb ecome availablea saresult of recent research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

1IntroductionReactive liners have been used in various energeticd evices [1][2][3],m ostly relying on exothermic reaction between components of the liner material. While aluminum is the most widely used metal fuel additive to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics [4,5],u se of aluminum powdersc ombined with other components in reactive materials was explored only recently [6][7][8][9][10].M ost of the recentw ork focused on laboratory studies characterizing low-rate reactions in such materials;t hermo-analyticale xperiments are used widely,i np articular.V ery few studies can be found, where blast or shock initiation of new reactivem aterials is characterizede xperimentally with time-resolved measurements [11,12].T ime-resolved measurements are important in understanding the reaction mechanisms and further optimizationo fr eactive materials based on new components, alloys, and composites, whichb ecome availablea saresult of recent research.In this paper,s hock initiation is characterized experimentally for aluminum and for differently prepared Al·Mg alloyed powders.A luminum-magnesium alloys have long been used in various pyrotechnic compositions [13][14][15]; they have also been considered for ab roader rangeo fe nergetic formulations [16,17].R ecently,m echanically alloyed Al·Mg powders were prepared with controlledp article sizes and improved combustionc haracteristics [18,19].W hile the total theoreticalv olumetric or gravimetric combustion enthalpy is reduced when part of aluminum is replacedw ith magnesium,t he efficiency of reaction and its completeness may improve. Significance of such effectsf or reactive liners prepared using metal or alloy powders is addressed in the presente xperiments.

2E xperimental Section

MaterialsSpherical H-2 aluminum powder by ValimetI nc.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Liners Prepared Using Powders of Aluminum and Aluminum‐Magnesium Alloys

Guadarrama

Dreizin

Glumac

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Cylindrical reactive liners filled with powders of aluminum, aluminum‐magnesium alloys, and aluminum‐magnesium powder blends were prepared and initiated by a centrally located explosive charge. The experiments were performed in a cubic chamber. Several transient pressure measurements were taken in addition to the quasistatic pressure caused by the explosion. Results were compared against a reference case with an inert liner filled with aluminum oxide powder. For all reactive liners, an increase in both quasistatic pressure and blast wave strength were observed compared to the case of an inert liner. In experiments with mechanically alloyed Al⋅Mg powders, the quasistatic pressure is effectively the same as in experiments with pure aluminum. An improvement in the achieved quasistatic pressure is observed for the liners with a cast alloyed Al⋅Mg powder. Most interestingly, a substantial contribution to the air blast indicative of very early reaction occurring in sub‐millisecond time scale is observed for all experiments with reactive liners. The most substantial improvement in the blast characteristics is observed in experiments with mechanically alloyed Al⋅Mg powders. While the mechanisms of prompt reactions of metals and alloys remain largely unexplored, the present results highlight the importance of such reactions for reactive liners and other components of energetic systems.

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Explosive Initiation of Various Forms of Ti/2B Reactive Materials

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Dynamic Fragmentation and Blast from a Reactive Material Solid

Dynamic Fragmentation and Blast from a Reactive Material Solid

Reactive Structural Materials: Preparation and Characterization

Reactive Liners Prepared Using Powders of Aluminum and Aluminum‐Magnesium Alloys

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