Exponential protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill and cycle ergometer

Prior research about the effects of the amount of exercised muscle mass upon cardiovascular responses (CVR) has neglected a potential bias related to total exercise and concentric/eccentric duration. Autonomic responses and perceived exertion (RPE) were compared in resistance exercises performed with larger and smaller muscle mass and matched for total exercise and concentric/eccentric duration. Twelve men performed 4 sets of 12 repetitions of unilateral (UNI) and bilateral (BIL) knee extensions at 70% of 12RM. Increases in CVR were always greater at the last set of BIL over UNI, as were SBP (35% vs. 23%), DBP (36% vs. 23%), HR (40% vs. 26%), RRP (90% vs 53%) and CO (55% vs 39%). No difference between protocols was found for autonomic modulation before and after exercise, but BIL induced significantly greater changes than UNI from baseline for R-R intervals (-13% vs. -7%), SDNN (-38% vs. -17%) and rMSSD (-41% vs. -21%). The rate of perceived exertion in the last set was higher in BIL than UNI (7.6±0.5 vs. 6.6±1.4 OMNI-RES; P<0.05) and did not correlate with any CVR. Thus, CVR were greater in resistance exercise performed with larger than smaller muscle mass. This information is relevant for patients with high cardiovascular risk.

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“…The OMNI-RES scale exhibits a high level of construct validity and has been frequently used during resistance exercise protocols [15].…”

Section: Assessment Of Rate Of Perceived Exertion (Rpe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Responses to Resistance Exercise Performed with Large and Small Muscle Mass

Matos-Santos¹,

Farinatti²,

Borges

et al. 2017

Int J Sports Med

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“…and disease have reported that the V O 2 at the anaerobic (AT) or ventilatory (T vent ) threshold is significantly higher when incremental exercise testing is performed on a treadmill than on a cycle ergometer [9,12,15,18,19,23,25,30,32,43]. These Relationship between exercise-induced decreases (Δ) in plasma bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) concentrations and increases in the ventilation above and beyond that needed to support any given increment in oxygen uptake (i.e., excess ventilation) during submaximal and maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer and treadmill.…”

Section: 32b Ventilatory (Anaerobic) Threshold Numerous Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

Muscat

Kotrach

Wilkinson-Maitland

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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In a randomized cross-over study of 15 healthy men aged 20–30 years, we compared physiological and perceptual responses during treadmill and cycle exercise test protocols matched for increments in work rate — the source of increased locomotor muscle metabolic and contractile demands. The rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production were higher at the peak of treadmill versus cycle testing (p ≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, work rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (fR), inspiratory capacity (IC), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal esophageal (Pes,tidal) and transdiaphragmatic pressure swings (Pdi,tidal), peak expiratory gastric pressures (Pga,peak), the root mean square of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi,rms) expressed as a percentage of maximum EMGdi,rms (EMGdi,rms%max), and dyspnea ratings were similar at the peak of treadmill versus cycle testing (p > 0.05). Ratings of leg discomfort were higher at the peak of cycle versus treadmill exercise (p ≤ 0.05), even though peak O2 consumption was lower during cycling. Oxygen consumption, CO2 production, minute ventilation, fR, Pes,tidal, Pdi,tidal and Pga,peak were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while VT, IC, IRV, EMGdi,rms%max, and ratings of dyspnea and leg discomfort were similar (p > 0.05) at all or most submaximal work rates during treadmill versus cycle exercise. Our findings highlight important differences (and similarities) in physiological and perceptual responses at maximal and submaximal work rates during incremental treadmill and cycle exercise testing protocols. The lack of effect of exercise test modality on peak work rate advocates for the use of this readily available parameter to optimize training intensity determination, regardless of exercise training mode.

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“…However, no study has directly investigated the extent to which the exercise modality affects the relationship between GET and HRVT. Considering that HRV varies according to exercise mode (21) and that the physiological strain (measured by peak heart rate and

{\dot{V} O}_{2 peak}

) seems to be significantly greater during treadmill exercise than during cycle ergometry (22,23), it is thus reasonable that the level of agreement between the GET and HRVT may also be affected by exercise modality. Another unanswered question is whether the intensity of aerobic exercise can be accurately prescribed using the heart rate response associated with GET and HRVT, by assuming a 1:1 relationship between the %HRR and

% {\dot{V} O}_{2} R

.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of exercise modality on agreement between gas exchange and heart rate variability thresholds

Cunha

Montenegro

Midgley

et al. 2014

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the level of agreement between the gas exchange threshold (GET) and heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using three different exercise modalities. A further aim was to establish whether there was a 1:1 relationship between the percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR) and percentage oxygen uptake reserve (%V˙O2 R) at intensities corresponding to GET and HRVT. Sixteen apparently healthy men 17 to 28 years of age performed three maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running). Mean heart rate and V˙O2 at GET and HRVT were 16 bpm (P<0.001) and 5.2 mL·kg-1·min-1 (P=0.001) higher in running than cycling, but no significant differences were observed between running and walking, or cycling and walking (P>0.05). There was a strong relationship between GET and HRVT, with R2 ranging from 0.69 to 0.90. A 1:1 relationship between %HRR and %V˙O2 R was not observed at GET and HRVT. The %HRR was higher during cycling (GET mean difference=7%; HRVT mean difference=11%; both P<0.001), walking (GET mean difference=13%; HRVT mean difference=13%; both P<0.001), or running (GET mean difference=11%; HRVT mean difference=10%; both P<0.001). Therefore, using HRVT to prescribe aerobic exercise intensity appears to be valid. However, to assume a 1:1 relationship between %HRR and %V˙O2 R at HRVT would probably result in overestimation of the energy expenditure during the bout of exercise.

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Exponential protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill and cycle ergometer

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Cardiovascular Responses to Resistance Exercise Performed with Large and Small Muscle Mass

Cardiovascular Responses to Resistance Exercise Performed with Large and Small Muscle Mass

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

Influence of exercise modality on agreement between gas exchange and heart rate variability thresholds

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