It is conjectured that within the class group of any number field, for every integer ℓ ≥ 1, the ℓ-torsion subgroup is very small (in an appropriate sense, relative to the discriminant of the field). In nearly all settings, the full strength of this conjecture remains open, and even partial progress is limited. Significant recent progress toward average versions of the ℓ-torsion conjecture has relied crucially on counts for number fields, raising interest in how these two types of question relate. In this paper we make explicit the quantitative relationships between the ℓ-torsion conjecture and other well-known conjectures: the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics, counts for number fields of fixed discriminant, counts for number fields of bounded discriminant (or related invariants), counts for elliptic curves with fixed conductor. All of these considerations reinforce that we expect the ℓ-torsion conjecture to be true, despite limited progress toward it. Our perspective focuses on the relation between pointwise bounds, averages, and higher moments, and demonstrates the broad utility of the "method of moments." Pierce, Turnage-Butterbaugh, and Wood 7 Known results toward Conjecture 1.1, and relation to GRH 606 8 Appendices 611 References 614 1/2+ε K , 1 We will use Vinogradov's notation: A ≪ B denotes that there exists a constant C such that |A| ≤ CB, and A ≪ κ B denotes that C may depend on κ.