“…Generally, emerging economy governments apply a range of specific policy instruments including financial incentives for exporting firms (Lall and Teubal, 1998), establishing product quality standards (Porter, 1980), and help in marketing research and distribution (Dominguez and Sequeira, 1993). Financial incentives attract EMFs to export markets (Bauman and Braga, 1988), product quality awards spur product development processes (Porter, 1980), and marketing research and distribution support can reduce knowledge gaps, allowing EMFs to broaden and deepen their involvement in export markets (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977). Thus we defined marketing supporting government policies as financial incentives, product quality standards, and complementary downstream capabilities provided by government agencies.…”