Exposing Animals to Oxidant Gases: Nose Only vs. Whole Body

Cheng, Yung Sung; Bowen, Larry E.; Rando, Roy J.; Postlethwait, Edward M.; Squadrito, G; Matalon, Sadis

doi:10.1513/pats.201001-001sm

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 in comparison with the control group. # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001 in comparison with the smoke exposed group cigarette smoking, animals were either treated by nose exposure directly on restraint animals or by whole body exposure [22]. The whole body exposure to waterpipe smoke was preferred over the nose exposure in this study since there is no stressful restraint that may affect hormone levels or oxidative stress [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Induced by Waterpipe (Narghile) Smoke in Lungs and Liver of Mice

Charab

Abouzeinab

Moustafa

2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Waterpipe smoking is common in the Middle East populations and results in health problems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure of mice to waterpipe smoke on oxidative stress in lungs and liver and the effects of selenium administration before smoke exposure on the oxidative stress. Twenty-four mice were divided equally into four groups: (i) the control mice received no exposure or treatment; (ii) mice exposed to waterpipe smoke; (iii) mice received intraperitoneal injection of 0.59 μg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite 15 min before the exposure to waterpipe smoke; and (iv) mice received intraperitoneal injection of 1.78 μg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite 15 min before the exposure to waterpipe smoke. Mice were exposed to waterpipe smoke every other day for four times within 8 successive days. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the lungs and liver, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and catalase were significantly lower in the waterpipe smoke group when compared to control mice. Treating mice with 1.78 μg selenium/kg body weight significantly restored the normal levels of these parameters. Histological examinations of lungs and liver confirmed the protective actions of selenium against the effects of exposure to waterpipe smoke. In conclusion, exposure of mice to waterpipe smoke-induced oxidative stress in lungs and liver. Administration of low level of selenium, 1.78 μg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite, exerted protective effects against oxidative stress induced by exposure to waterpipe smoke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Induced by Waterpipe (Narghile) Smoke in Lungs and Liver of Mice

Charab

Abouzeinab

Moustafa

2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…In addition, we used whole body exposure rather than nose only exposure. The whole body exposure was selected because it allows the animals to thermo-regulate better and is not associated with restrained stress (Cheng et al, 2010). On the other hand, whole body exposure may involve exposure to smoke through ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model

et al. 2015

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Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption world-wide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special concern due to the particular popularity of waterpipe use among youth. Additionally, possible molecular targets for expected learning and memory impairment were determined. In this study, rats were exposed to waterpipe smoke (WTS) by whole body exposure 1hr × 5 days/wk, for one month, and outcomes were compared to a control group exposed only to fresh air. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory using the Radial Arm Water Maze (RAWM), and oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, GPx, SOD, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio). We found that WTS exposure led to impaired short- and long-term memory. This impairment was accompanied by reduced hippocampal activity of catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GSH/GSSG, elevated GSSG, thus, marked changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, there is reason for concern that WTS exposure may impair cognitive ability.

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“…We utilized whole body exposure protocols, in contrast to noseonly exposure. The pros and cons of these approaches have been compared previously (6). Cl 2 toxicity was significantly lower if five mice were exposed at the same time compared with two.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite therapy improves survival postexposure to chlorine gas

Honavar

Doran

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Exposure to relatively high levels of chlorine (Cl2) gas can occur in mass-casualty scenarios associated with accidental or intentional release. Recent studies have shown a significant postexposure injury phase to the airways, pulmonary, and systemic vasculatures mediated in part by oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction in endogenous nitric oxide homeostasis pathways. However, there is a need for therapeutics that are amenable to rapid and easy administration in the field and that display efficacy toward toxicity after chlorine exposure. In this study, we tested whether nitric oxide repletion using nitrite, by intramuscular injection after Cl2 exposure, could prevent Cl2 gas toxicity. C57bl/6 male mice were exposed to 600 parts per million Cl2 gas for 45 min, and 24-h survival was determined with or without postexposure intramuscular nitrite injection. A single injection of nitrite (10 mg/kg) administered either 30 or 60 min postexposure significantly improved 24-h survival (from ∼20% to 50%). Survival was associated with decreased neutrophil accumulation in the airways. Rendering mice neutropenic before Cl2 exposure improved survival and resulted in loss of nitrite-dependent survival protection. Interestingly, female mice were more sensitive to Cl2-induced toxicity compared with males and were also less responsive to postexposure nitrite therapy. These data provide evidence for efficacy and define therapeutic parameters for a single intramuscular injection of nitrite as a therapeutic after Cl2 gas exposure that is amenable to administration in mass-casualty scenarios.

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Exposing Animals to Oxidant Gases: Nose Only vs. Whole Body

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

The Protective Effect of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Induced by Waterpipe (Narghile) Smoke in Lungs and Liver of Mice

The Protective Effect of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Induced by Waterpipe (Narghile) Smoke in Lungs and Liver of Mice

The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model

Nitrite therapy improves survival postexposure to chlorine gas

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