Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Kim, Eunhye; Moon, Joon‐Kwan; Lee, Hyeri; Kim, Suhee; Hwang, Yon-Jin; Kim, Byung-Joon; Lee, Jinbeum; Lee, Dong-Hyuk; Kim, Jeong‐Han

doi:10.7235/hort.2013.12201

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The few producers who used masks and gloves wore them during the application of pesticides but not during the preparation of the mixture when the greatest exposure occurs because the product is handled in the concentrated state and the risk of inhalation of concentrated pesticide vapors remains high [ 8 , 40 , 41 ]. 64% of hand contamination occurred during the mixing-loading phases [ 36 ], 20% of producers’ wore short-sleeved clothing and shorts, while several studies have highlighted heavy contamination of legs and forearms during pesticide application [ 36 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Another factor favoring producers’ exposure to pesticides is the use of defective sprayers that leaked during the application of pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

Son

Zerbo

Bonzi

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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To assess producers’ exposure level to pesticides in vegetable production in Burkina Faso, a study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 among 30 tomato producers in the municipalities of Kouka and Toussiana. Eighteen (18) commercial formulations were identified, with more than 50% of pesticides destined for cotton production. Eleven active substances have been identified and the most frequently used are λ-cyhalothrin (35%), acetamiprid (22%) and profenofos (13%). The most commonly used chemical families are pyrethroids (28%) and organophosphates (18%). The study revealed a low level of training for producers, a high use of pesticides according to the Frequency Treatment Indicator, and a very low level of protection used by producers. The Health Risk Index shows that active substances such as methomyl, λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos present very high risk to operators’ health. Based on the UK-POEM model, the predictive exposure levels obtained varied from 0.0105 mg/kg body weight/day to 1.7855 mg/kg body weight/day, which is several times higher than the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level. However, the study also shows that exposure can be greatly reduced if the required Personal Protective Equipment is worn. Producers’ awareness and training on integrated pest management are necessary to reduce the risks linked to the pesticides use in Burkina Faso.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

Son

Zerbo

Bonzi

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…농작업자의 농약 사용 시 노출의 주요 경로는 피부노출과 호흡노출이다 (Fenske and Day JR, 2005;Hughes et al, 2008;Chester, 2010;Behroozy, 2013). 피부노출 측정은 주 로 패치법(patch)을 사용해 왔으며 (Chester, 1993;Fenske, 1993;Soutar et al, 2000;Chester, 2010;Farahat et al, 2010;Wassie et al, 2012;Behroozy, 2013;Abukari, 2015;An et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015) 대부분의 국내 노출 연 구 또한 패치법을 주로 이용하였다 (Liu, 2003;Kang et al, 2004;Choi et al, 2006; a ; Kim et al, 2012 a,b ;Choi and Moon, 2013;Kim et al, 2013;Choi, 2014). 패치법은 사용하기 편리하고 경제적 이지만 작은 면적의 패치를 실제 체표면적으로 외삽하는 과 정에서 과대, 과소평가되는 경향이 있고, 실제 작업복과 재 질 차이로 인하여 농약의 흡착 정도가 달라 정확한 노출량 을 측정하기 어려운 단점이 있다 (Franklin et al, 1981;Fenske, 1990;Niven et al, 1993;Tannahill et al, 1996;Cao et al, 2015).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

“…기존에 사용되어 온 고체흡착제는 유리관 속에 1차 흡착제와 2차 흡착제로 나누어져 있는데, 1차 흡 착제에 과량 흡착되어 2차 흡착제로 파과되어 흡착된 농약 양이 1차 흡착제에 흡착된 양의 20%를 초과하면 고체흡착 제의 신뢰성을 인정하지 않는다 (ACGIH, 1983;NIOSH, 1980). 이러한 이유로 고체흡착제(XAD-2 resin)를 사용한 연구들은 파과율 측정을 수행하였고 (Liu, 2003;Kang et al, 2004;Choi et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2011 b ; Kim et al, 2012 a,b ; Choi and Moon, 2013;Kim et al, 2013;Choi, 2014) (Table 7). …”

Section: 용매표준용액의 조제unclassified

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science

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An IOM sampler equipped with glass fiber filter has been recently utilized instead of solid adsorbent, which was used to measure the inhalation exposure of agricultural operator to pesticides. The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of an IOM sampler by measuring the trapping efficiency and breakthrough using kresoxim-methyl water-dispersible granule and fenthion emulsifiable concentrate. On LC-MS/MS, minimum detection level was 12.5 pg and method limit of detection was 5.0 ng/mL. Good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) for matrix matched standards was obtained. Recoveries of pesticides from glass fiber filter were 102-109% (kresoxim-methyl) and 97-104% (fenthion) while those from XAD-2 resin were 94-98% (kresoxim methyl) and 93-100% (fenthion). Trapping efficiency test was performed with personal air pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) connected with solid adsorbent (XAD-2 resin) with two types of formulation (solid and liquid) which were diluted by standard rate and sprayed to IOM sampler. Those pesticides were trapped only in glass fiber filter without any breakthrough to solid adsorbent. After spiking of pesticides to glass fiber filter, breakthrough test was carried out with IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) which was connected with solid adsorbent. As a results, 87-101% of kresoxim-methyl and 96-105% of fenthion remained in spiked glass fiber filter, however, no pesticides were detected in second glass fiber filter and solid adsorbent. In conclusion, IOM sampler which equipped with glass fiber filter can be applied widely for pesticide inhalation exposure study since it has good trapping efficiency and adsorption capacity, regardless of the solid or liquid formulation.

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“…Orchard feature its usage of special machine known as a speed sprayer. When pesticide is sprayed, dermal exposure is the most common pathway known for pesticide exposure [31]. Therefore, in spite of using cabin-style speed sprayer, exposure to pesticide is feasible without wearing PPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of risk factors for the possible cases of acute occupational pesticide poisoning of orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong province

Shin

Roh

2019

Ann Occup Environ Med

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Background:The objective of the present study is to identify differences in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across Korean orchard farmers' farming characteristics and the risk factors that have an effect on acute occupational pesticide poisoning. Methods: For 3 years (2014, 2015, and 2017), a questionnaire survey was conducted on 394 orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong Province in relation to pesticide poisoning. 323 orchard farmers who responded to acute occupational pesticide poisoning were included for final analysis. With acute occupational pesticide poisoning as the dependent variable, a χ 2 test and a multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: The results of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across farming characteristics showed that the group wearing 4 or more pesticide personal protective equipment (PPE) had a lower prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning than the group wearing 3 or less pesticide PPE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an analysis by area of fruit farming revealed that the group with more than 12,000m 2 in the area of fruit farming had a higher prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning (p < 0.05). Orchard farmers mainly use a speed sprayer to spray pesticides, and the speed sprayer can be categorized by presence of cabin. The analysis of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence found that existence of speed sprayer's cabin did not show a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning. Conclusions: The present study analyzed the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning depending on the speed sprayer's cabin existence and found no significant difference. The fact that famers using the cabinless style speed sprayer shows a higher percentage in wearing PPE than those using the cabin style speed sprayer is suggested to elucidate the result. As the first study in Korea which examined the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence, the present study proposes the expected effect that increase of wearing pesticide PPE along with employ of speed sprayer's cabin can reduce the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among orchard farmers.

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Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

A study of risk factors for the possible cases of acute occupational pesticide poisoning of orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong province

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