Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Abstract

An IOM sampler equipped with glass fiber filter has been recently utilized instead of solid adsorbent, which was used to measure the inhalation exposure of agricultural operator to pesticides. The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of an IOM sampler by measuring the trapping efficiency and breakthrough using kresoxim-methyl water-dispersible granule and fenthion emulsifiable concentrate. On LC-MS/MS, minimum detection level was 12.5 pg and method limit of detection was 5.0 ng/mL. Good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) for matrix matched standards was obtained. Recoveries of pesticides from glass fiber filter were 102-109% (kresoxim-methyl) and 97-104% (fenthion) while those from XAD-2 resin were 94-98% (kresoxim methyl) and 93-100% (fenthion). Trapping efficiency test was performed with personal air pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) connected with solid adsorbent (XAD-2 resin) with two types of formulation (solid and liquid) which were diluted by standard rate and sprayed to IOM sampler. Those pesticides were trapped only in glass fiber filter without any breakthrough to solid adsorbent. After spiking of pesticides to glass fiber filter, breakthrough test was carried out with IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) which was connected with solid adsorbent. As a results, 87-101% of kresoxim-methyl and 96-105% of fenthion remained in spiked glass fiber filter, however, no pesticides were detected in second glass fiber filter and solid adsorbent. In conclusion, IOM sampler which equipped with glass fiber filter can be applied widely for pesticide inhalation exposure study since it has good trapping efficiency and adsorption capacity, regardless of the solid or liquid formulation.

Potential exposure and risk assessment of agricultural workers to the insecticide chlorantraniliprole in rice paddies

“…For breakthrough tests, the fiberglass filter and solid sorbent tube were linked to a personal air pump to pass air at a rate of 2 L min −1 for 4 h. This procedure produced 100 MLOQ of standard pesticide solutions in a fiberglass filter. After 4 h, the fiberglass filter and solid sorbent were extracted and injected into the LC–MS/MS 5,28 …”

“…After 4 h, the fiberglass filter and solid sorbent were extracted and injected into the LC-MS/MS. 5,28 2.12 Field recovery test An aliquot of the standard solution (100 MLOQ) was added to the control matrix and stored under the same field temperature, humidity and working conditions. These samples, the matrices that were derived during the field trial, were extracted as explained in Section 2.4.…”