Exposure assessment of a cyclist to PM10 and ultrafine particles

Berghmans, Patrick; Bleux, Nico; Panis, Luc Int; Mishra, Vinit; Torfs, Rudi; Poppel, Martine Van

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.041

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…While bicycling reduces pollution emissions overall, cyclists are potentially exposed to higher doses of pollution, because physical activity increases ventilation rates. 36,37 Health effects of air pollution were not considered in this analysis. Well-designed bicycle facilities, such as Portland's bicycle boulevards and trails allow cyclists to avoid air pollution hot spots along busy roads.…”

Section: Estimating Health Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Götschi¹

2011

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

105

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Background:Promoting bicycling has great potential to increase overall physical activity; however, significant uncertainty exists with regard to the amount and effectiveness of investment needed for infrastructure. The objective of this study is to assess how costs of Portland’s past and planned investments in bicycling relate to health and other benefits.Methods:Costs of investment plans are compared with 2 types of monetized health benefits, health care cost savings and value of statistical life savings. Levels of bicycling are estimated using past trends, future mode share goals, and a traffic demand model.Results:By 2040, investments in the range of $138 to $605 million will result in health care cost savings of $388 to $594 million, fuel savings of $143 to $218 million, and savings in value of statistical lives of $7 to $12 billion. The benefit-cost ratios for health care and fuel savings are between 3.8 and 1.2 to 1, and an order of magnitude larger when value of statistical lives is used.Conclusions:This first of its kind cost-benefit analysis of investments in bicycling in a US city shows that such efforts are cost-effective, even when only a limited selection of benefits is considered.

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Section: Estimating Health Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Götschi¹

2011

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

105

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“…Mobile measurements are performed with different platforms, e.g. pedestrians (Zwack et al, 2011a), bicycles (Berghmans et al, 2009;Boogaard et al, 2009;Peters et al, 2013;Sullivan and Pryor, 2014), trams (Hagemann et al, 2014;Hasenfratz et al, 2014) and cars (Westerdahl et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2012;Hudda et al, 2014). Mobile measurements are used for a range of different purposes, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile measurements are used for a range of different purposes, e.g. to assess personal exposure by equipping the study object with a portable monitor (Berghmans et al, 2009;Boogaard et al, 2009;Dons et al, 2011;SpiraCohen et al, 2010), to assess the exposure in different modes of transport (Kaur et al, 2005;Int Panis et al, 2010;Kingham et al, 2013), to study spatial variation in air pollution (Weijers et al, 2004;Zwack et al, 2011c;MacNaughton et al, 2014), to investigate seasonal and regional variation (Bukowiecki et al, 2003), to study spatio-temporal correlation with noise (Weber, 2009), or to develop and validate air quality models (Zwack et al, 2011a;Merbitz et al, 2012). Other studies address the potential of using mobile measurements to construct air pollution maps at a high spatial resolution (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile monitoring for mapping spatial variation in urban air quality: Development and validation of a methodology based on an extensive dataset

Bossche

Peters

Verwaeren

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

196

132

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Mobile monitoring is increasingly used as an additional tool to acquire air quality data at a high spatial resolution. However, given the high temporal variability of urban air quality, a limited number of mobile measurements may only represent a snapshot and not be representative. In this study, the impact of this temporal variability on the representativeness is investigated and a methodology to map urban air quality using mobile monitoring is developed and evaluated.A large set of black carbon (BC) measurements was collected in Antwerp, Belgium, using a bicycle equipped with a portable BC monitor (micro-aethalometer). The campaign consisted of 256 and 96 runs along two fixed routes (2 and 5 km long). Large gradients over short distances and differences up to a factor of 10 in mean BC concentrations aggregated at a resolution of 20 m are observed. Mapping at such a high resolution is possible, but a lot of repeated measurements are required. After computing a trimmed mean and applying background normalisation, depending on the location 24 to 94 repeated measurement runs (median of 41) are required to map the BC concentrations at a 50 m resolution with an uncertainty of 25 %. When relaxing the uncertainty to 50 %, these numbers reduce to 5 to 11 (median of 8) runs. We conclude that mobile monitoring is a suitable approach for mapping the urban air quality at a high spatial resolution, and can provide insight into the spatial variability that would not be possible with stationary monitors. A careful set-up is needed with a sufficient number of repetitions in relation to the desired reliability and spatial resolution. Specific data processing methods such as background normalisation and event detection have to be applied.

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“…Therefore, this larger particle size has little chance to reach the alveolar region where the lung particles removed by the resident Alveolar Macrophages (AMs) through the mechanism of producing proinflammatory cytokine. Other studies (Manigrasso and Pasquale, 2012;Berghmans et al, 2009) also suggested that it is the fine particles, which have the greatest impact on respiratory health, supported by the fact that PM 2.5 penetrates the human respiratory system more efficiently into the alveolar region.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Concentration Of Tnf-α Among School mentioning

confidence: 90%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

Jalaludin

Noh

Suhaimi

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Poor indoor air quality can be particularly harmful to children and interfere with the growth of their lung function as they spend much of their time indoors. In order to understand the mechanism of exposure in the airways, biomarkers were used as a surrogate for biological responses towards indoor air pollutants. This study aims to investigate the association between indoor air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 ) among school children in different area of urban and rural site in Klang Valley. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 430 healthy schoolchildren from a national primary school. Methods involved questionnaires based on American Thoracic Society and sputum samples for biomarkers assay. Indoor exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Dust Trak Aerosol Monitor) and NO 2 (LaMotte Air Sampler) were measured in the classroom. Mean concentration of PM 2.5 (50.72 µg/m 3 ) in urban schools were significantly higher compared to rural (28.36 µg/m 3 ) school. Similar trend found in indoor level of PM 10 in urban and rural schools with 87.04 µg/m 3 and 56.76 µg/m 3 respectively. The mean exposure level of NO 2 of urban schools (0.12 ppm) is nearly 4 times higher than the level in rural areas (0.032 ppm). A significant association was found between indoor air concentrations (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) with TNF-alpha level. Children from rural areas are exposed to less air pollutants compared to those from urban area and this study also suggests that higher exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 are associated with increasing of TNF-alpha level.

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Exposure assessment of a cyclist to PM10 and ultrafine particles

Cited by 98 publications

References 59 publications

Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Mobile monitoring for mapping spatial variation in urban air quality: Development and validation of a methodology based on an extensive dataset

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

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