Exposure assessment of treated greywater reused for irrigation

Potivichayanon, Siraporn; Sittitoon, Nalin; Vinnerås, Björn

doi:10.2166/ws.2021.191

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…In general, ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations in greywater are approximately 10 times lower than that in domestic wastewater (Lazarova et al, 2003). The content of metals and organic pollutants in graywater is generally low and at lower levels for zinc and mercury than for mixed wastewater (Potivichayanon et al, 2021;Shaikh and Ahammed, 2022). Graywater sources are divided into two: low-load sources (tubs, showers, and hand sinks) and high-load sources (laundry and kitchen).…”

Section: Graywater Reuse (Gwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Kilinc

Tanık²,

Hanedar³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This study presents the payback periods of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) and/or graywater reuse (GWR) systems as alternative water resources in different building typologies, such as a hospital, shopping mall, and hotel. These buildings are under operation in the Antalya Province of Türkiye, which is a large city having the densest tourism activities. The significance of the work performed through the cost-benefit analyses for the selected case studies basically lies on the water savings while serving to four of the sustainable development goals, namely, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. These efforts may be considered valuable urban-based solutions toward climate change effects. Thorough surveys on the existing selected typologies are conducted regarding their water consumption and probable water savings via reuse activities. As-built plumbing projects and plans are also investigated during the accomplishment of the comprehensive design work leading to the calculation of the total investment and operation costs of the rainwater harvesting and graywater reuse practices. The up-to-date prices are used in monetary terms, and euro currency is used to make the results more meaningful by the interested parties. All the selected typologies undergo cost-benefit analysis for both of the alternative water reuse systems. The payback periods are calculated as 6, 2, and 9 years for RWH and as 5, 6, and 9 years for GWR for the hospital, shopping mall, and the hotel, respectively. The water savings for RWH varied between 20% and 50% whereas for GWR, the range was 48%–99%. Both of the systems are performed for the shopping mall simultaneously, and the resulting payback period is found to be 5 years, and water saving reached 72%. Recent information on the amortization periods in the literature states that less than a decade demonstrates achievable and highly acceptable applications. As such, the design attempts in this study also correlated with these findings. However, feasibility of these practices may be increased by encouraging the public on their utility and benefit of water savings. As is the case in many of the developed countries, incentives like tax reductions and even exemptions may be realized to achieve better applicability of these alternative technologies.

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Section: Graywater Reuse (Gwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Kilinc

Tanık²,

Hanedar³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Water reuse in Brazilian rice farming: Application of semiquantitative microbiological risk assessment

et al. 2022

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Cost and Benefit Analysis of Different Buildings Through Reuse of Treated Greywater

Kılınç,

Hanedar,

Tanık

et al. 2024

Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences

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The fact that the impacts of climate change cannot be prevented in the short term has increased the importance of climate change adaptation activities, and many national and international studies have been initiated in this regard. Greywater reuse (GWR) activities have become important methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for adaptation to climate change. This study selects GWR from 3 different real typologies, a hotel, a residential building, and an industrial plant planned in Izmir Province of Türkiye, to design greywater systems followed by cost-benefit analyses. The applicability of GWR systems in these typologies has been analyzed, and comparisons have been made. GWR systems at the project design stage eliminate the need for installation modifications. Therefore, it is concluded that new buildings should be designed to integrate these alternative water resource systems. Recovered water through the installation of GWR systems is recommended to be used as flushing water, and the excess for garden irrigation, car washing and cleaning. The payback periods were calculated as 12 years for the hotel and industrial plant and 6 years for the residential building. The water savings were calculated as 46% for the hotel, 44% for the residential building, and 29% for the industrial plant. The results put forth the feasibility of this alternative water resource.

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Exposure assessment of treated greywater reused for irrigation

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Water reuse in Brazilian rice farming: Application of semiquantitative microbiological risk assessment

Cost and Benefit Analysis of Different Buildings Through Reuse of Treated Greywater

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