Exposure of domestic swine to influenza A viruses in Ghana suggests unidirectional, reverse zoonotic transmission at the human–animal interface

Ayim-Akonor, Matilda; Mertens, Eva; May, Jürgen; Harder, Timm

doi:10.1111/zph.12751

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A total of 82% (58/71) of included studies sequenced and/or analyzed partial genomes, especially the HA and/or NA and/or MP. A total of 16% (11/71) studies sequenced and/or analyzed whole genomes [ 26 , 44 , 47 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 63 , 73 , 75 , 95 , 98 ]. One study sequenced whole genomes but analyzed only the HA genes [ 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic analysis of the MP genes showed clustering of a human (A/Ghana/KM001/2015(H1N1)) and swine H1N1pdm09 strains (A/swine/Nigeria/IBDVR004/2015(H1N1) and A/swine/Nigeria/IBDVR005/2015) (bootstrap = 68%) [ 42 ]. The following season (2016–2017), H1N1pdm09 strains were detected in 1.4% (17/1200) of Ghanaian swine [ 44 ]. All swine H1N1pdm09 strains sampled in Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya, Togo, and Egypt between 2014 and 2017 evolved from the human A/California/04/2009(H1N1) vaccine strain and clustered according to the year of sampling in the H1 and MP phylogenies [ 42 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Genomic characterization of circulating influenza type-A viruses (IAVs) directs the selection of appropriate vaccine formulations and early detection of potentially pandemic virus strains. However, longitudinal data on the genomic evolution and transmission of IAVs in Africa are scarce, limiting Africa’s benefits from potential influenza control strategies. We searched seven databases: African Journals Online, Embase, Global Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies that sequenced and/or genomically characterized Africa IAVs. Our review highlights the emergence and diversification of IAVs in Africa since 1993. Circulating strains continuously acquired new amino acid substitutions at the major antigenic and potential N-linked glycosylation sites in their hemagglutinin proteins, which dramatically affected vaccine protectiveness. Africa IAVs phylogenetically mixed with global strains forming strong temporal and geographical evolution structures. Phylogeographic analyses confirmed that viral migration into Africa from abroad, especially South Asia, Europe, and North America, and extensive local viral mixing sustained the genomic diversity, antigenic drift, and persistence of IAVs in Africa. However, the role of reassortment and zoonosis remains unknown. Interestingly, we observed substitutions and clades and persistent viral lineages unique to Africa. Therefore, Africa’s contribution to the global influenza ecology may be understated. Our results were geographically biased, with data from 63% (34/54) of African countries. Thus, there is a need to expand influenza surveillance across Africa and prioritize routine whole-genome sequencing and genomic analysis to detect new strains early for effective viral control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…This is in stark contrast to Asia, where strains of both origins and reassortants between them co-circulate [10]. Little is known about the status of pigs in Africa [146].…”

Section: Swinementioning

confidence: 93%

Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?

Kessler

Harder

Schwemmle

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In fact, zoonotic transmissions are strongly facilitated by manmade reservoirs that were created through the intensification and industrialization of livestock farming. This can be witnessed by the repeated introduction of IAVs from natural reservoirs of aquatic wild bird metapopulations into swine and poultry, and the accompanied emergence of partially- or fully-adapted human pathogenic viruses. On the other side, human adapted IAV have been (and still are) introduced into livestock by reverse zoonotic transmission. This link to manmade reservoirs was also observed before the 20th century, when horses seemed to have been an important reservoir for IAVs but lost relevance when the populations declined due to increasing industrialization. Therefore, to reduce zoonotic events, it is important to control the spread of IAV within these animal reservoirs, for example with efficient vaccination strategies, but also to critically surveil the different manmade reservoirs to evaluate the emergence of new IAV strains with pandemic potential.

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“…However, a study performed by Wong et al [ 107 ] showed that the combination of these two measures is an effective strategy to prevent disease [ 107 ]. Ayim-Akonor et al suggested that poor biosafety management may enable easier cross-species transmission of influenza virus between humans and pigs [ 108 ].…”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health

Libera

Konieczny

Grabska

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.

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Exposure of domestic swine to influenza A viruses in Ghana suggests unidirectional, reverse zoonotic transmission at the human–animal interface

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review

Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?

Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health

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