Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.

Brucellosis presenting with sepsis and cholestasis: A rare presentation of an endemic disease with review of the literature

“…Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries and is endemic in the Mediterranean region,Africa, Asia, central and south America,Mexico and the Arabian peninsula, with Iran being the second most frequent disease rates worldwide [8] . Human acquire infection primarily via ingestion of contaminated unpasteurized milk products or contact with infected animal products.…”

“…It can also be transferred among laboratory workers through direct mucosal contact with infected fetal products [3] . Brucellosis is endemic to many developing countries, particularly Asia,Africa, the Mediterranean rim, the Middle East, central and south America [8] . The most common clinical presentations of brucellosis include constitutional symptoms such as recurrent fever, profuse sweating, weakness, enlargement of the reticuloendothelial organs as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and osteoarticular involvement including arthralgia, back pain and occasionally spondyloartheritis and peripheral artheritis [9] .…”

Emerging Infectious Food System Related Zoonotic Foodborne Disease – A Threat to Global Food Safety and Nutrition Security

“…Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are classified as types A, B, C, or D based on genetic variations and are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family [107]. The influenza A virus is naturally found in birds, where it can spread to people and cause zoonotic diseases [108].…”

Avian Pathogens: Editorial and the Perspectives of Research

“…One of the major directions is the development of new vaccine technologies, especially for global poultry farming Thomas et al [ 22 ], summarizing these perspectives, describe the different challenges to be considered in the development of vaccines for animals. As humans and animals share a common environment and their health is closely connected, veterinary and medical services should actively cooperate to prevent risks to public health and work together in accordance with a One Health conception [ 23 ].…”