Exposure of male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to copper by intraperitoneal injection: DNA damage and larval impairment

Outcomes of in vitro fertilization with frozen‐thawed sperm: An analysis of post‐thaw recovery of sperm, embryogenesis, offspring morphology, and skeletogenesis for a cyprinid fish

“…Such impairments appear to be mediated by genetic or epigenetic changes to DNA in the sperm nucleus . For example, DNA damage in sperm positively correlated with offspring mortality or abnormality rates in other fishes . In addition, environmental condition and larval nutrition may also impact phenotypic plasticity and ontogeny of the skeleton .…”

“…70,71 For example, DNA damage in sperm positively correlated with offspring mortality or abnormality rates in other fishes. 72,73 In addition, environmental condition and larval nutrition may also impact phenotypic plasticity and ontogeny of the skeleton. 74 Notochord abnormalities are frequently observed in newly hatched larval.…”

Impacts of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish – A review

“…Long term exposure to Cr drastically reduced the spawning success [155] , fibrotic and pyknotic testis [26] , significantly reduced the GSI, fecundity, lowered number of oocytes and matured spermatozoa [156] , hampered the motility of sperm [150] and finally gradual decrease of vitellogenic oocytes [124] . Various studies revealed that reduced GSI, fecundity, hatching rate, fertilization success, abnormal shape of reproductive organs, and finally overall reproductive success resulted from the toxicities created by Cu and Hg [28] , [29] , [151] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] . Pd and Zn resulted similar deformities as well as negative impacts in Carassius gibelio [30] , Odontesthes bonariensis [26] ; Oryzias melastigma [27] and Clarias magur [25] .…”

“…Heavy metals contamination significantly hampers the reproductive performances of fish [22] , [23] , [24] . Investigations have reported several reproductive compromises including reduced GSI, fecundity, hatching rate, fertilization success, abnormal shape of reproductive organs, and finally overall reproductive success in response to a variety of heavy metals [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] . Moreover, heavy metals severely affected the embryonic and larval development of fish through resulting number of complexities such as increased heart rate, reduced cardiac activity, increased mortality rate, deformed shape, vertebral column deformities etc.…”

Application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in mature sperm

“…Thus, this study demonstrated the successful application of the comet assay to monitor environmental effects in sea lamprey spermatozoa and possibly other species of ancient fish with acrosomal sperm [123]. The sperm comet assay has been used to evaluate ecotoxicity in a variety of fresh water and marine fish, and also to test the possible impact of freezing and thawing on DNA integrity, especially in species that have commercial value such as trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta) [100,[124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131], charr (Salvelinus alpinus) [130], sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser baerii and Acipenser ruthenus) [132,133], sea bream (Sparus aurata) [124], sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [134,135], flatfish (Pleuronectes vetulus and Pleuronichthys verticalis) [136], yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) [137] and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [138][139][140].…”