Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Belyaev, Igor; Koch, Catrin Bauréus; Terenius, Olle; Roxström-Lindquist, Katarina; Malmgren, Lars; Sommer, Wolfgang; Salford, Leif G.; Persson, Bertil

doi:10.1002/bem.20216

Cited by 113 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The animals are exposed to RF EMFs in the same TEM-cells (Figure 1 Belyaev et al [5]. These TEM-cells have been designed by dimensional scaling from previously constructed cells at the National Bureau of Standards [6], which are known to generate uniform TEM-fields for standard measurements.…”

Section: Gsm Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström

Nittby

Brun

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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2 AbstractIn order to mimic the real life situation, with often life-long exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, we have investigated in a rat model the effects of repeated exposures under a long period to Global System for Mobile Communication-900 MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed once weekly in a two hours period, for totally 55 weeks, at different specific absorption rates (SAR) (of in average 0.6 and 60 mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period). The animals were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber (TEM-cell) to radiation emitted by a GSM-900 test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After behavioural tests, 5-7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were evaluated for histopathological alterations such as albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation and signs of cytoskeletal and neuritic neuronal changes of the type seen in human ageing. In this study, no significant alteration of any these histopathological paramteters was found, when comparing the GSM exposed animals to the sham exposed controls.

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Section: Gsm Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström

Nittby

Brun

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…The exposure of human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) to microwaves of 1800 MHz resulted in repairable DNA damage [9,18]. However, some studies have shown absence of DNA damage in human lymphocyte and leukocyte culture on exposure to RFR emitted from cell phone [19][20][21] and in rat brain exposed to 915 MHz GSM microwaves [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

D'Silva

Swer

Anbalagan

et al. 2014

Advances in Anatomy

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A Mobile phone in operation emits a pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field which is absorbed into the user's body particularly the head region. Contradictory scientific reports on the health effect of nonionizing radiations on biological tissues have prompted to undertake the present study to evaluate the damage in the developing lens of a chick embryo following exposure to radiation emitted from a 2G cell phone. Fertilized chick embryos were incubated in two groups in a standard egg incubator. The experiment group was exposed to radiation emitted from a 2G cell phone. On completion of scheduled duration, the embryos were collected and processed for routine histological studies. The 9th to 12th day chick embryo eyes were processed for assessment of DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay technique. The lens thickness and the equatorial diameter were measured using oculometer and statistically compared for both groups. In the present study, the exposure of chick embryos to a 2G cell phone caused structural changes in lens epithelial cells, formation of cystic cells and spaces, distortion of lens fibers, and formation of posterior aberrant nuclear layer. The DNA damage in the developing eyes of the experiment group assessed by comet assay was highly significant.

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“…It is clear that ionizing radiation, such as X-ray, affects biological systems, while it is still unclear and inconclusive whether non ionizing low-energy RF radiation could have effects on them. Although there have been a lot of studies of RF effects on biological systems for various aspects, most of them have focused on stress proteins, such as HSP, and MAPK signaling or DNA damages (Belyaev et al, 2006;Chauhan et al, 2006;Friedman et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2006;Sanchez et al, 2007;Sanchez et al, 2008, Verschaeve et al, 2009. For instance, Friedman et al (2007) found that exposure of HeLa and Rat1 cells to 875 MHz RF radiation induces the activation of the ERK cascade through ROS generation via NADH oxidase but not that of JNKs or p38 MAPKs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most studies on the biological effects of RF exposure could not detect any molecular changes, some reports demonstrated RF-specific gene expression (Belyaev et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2005;Nylund et al, 2006). For example, Lee et al (2005) used the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique and found that 2.45 GHz RF radiation at a 10-W/kg SAR for 2∼6 h affected the expression of 221 genes, including apoptosis-related genes and cell cycle genes, in human HL-60 cells without a significant increase of HSP expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide Response of Normal WI-38 Human Fibroblast Cells to 1,763 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation

Im¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2010

Genomics & Informatics

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Increased exposure of human to RF fields has raised concerns for its potential adverse effects on our health. To address the biological effects of RF radiation, we used genome wide gene expression as the indicator. We exposed normal WI-38 human fibroblast cells to 1763 MHz mobile phone RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 60 W/kg with an operating cooling system for 24 h. There were no alterations in cell numbers or morphology after RF exposure. Through microarray analysis, we identified no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the 0.05 significance level after controlling for multiple testing errors with the Benjaminiochberg false discovery rate (BH FDR) method. Meanwhile, 82 genes were differentially expressed between RF-exposed cells and controls when the significance level was set at 0.01 without correction for multiple comparisons. We found that 24 genes (0.08% of the total genes examined) were changed by more than 1.5-fold on RF exposure. However, significant enrichment of any gene set or pathway was not observed from the functional annotation analysis. From these results, we did not find any evidence that non-thermal RF radiation at a 60-W/kg SAR significantly affects cell proliferation or gene expression in WI-38 cells.

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Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Cited by 113 publications

References 57 publications

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

Genome-wide Response of Normal WI-38 Human Fibroblast Cells to 1,763 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation

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