Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström, Gustav; Nittby, Henrietta; Brun, Arne; Malmgren, Lars; Persson, Bertil; Salford, Leif G.; Eberhardt, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.08.004

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The animals were exposed to RF EMFs in the same transverse electromagnetic transmission line cell (TEMcells) as previously described and used by Salford et al (1992Salford et al ( , 1993Salford et al ( , 1994Salford et al ( , 2003, Persson et al (1997), Eberhardt et al (2008), Grafström et al (2008), Nittby et al (2008aNittby et al ( , 2009) (for further descriptions see Malmgren 1998; Van Hese et al 1992, Martens et al 1993). The TEM-cells were designed by dimensional scaling from previously constructed cells at the National Bureau of Standards (Crawford 1974).…”

Section: Gsm Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

et al. 2011

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Since the late 1980s, our group has examined the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), including pulse-modulated waves of the type emitted by mobile phones, upon the blood-brain barrier. In more than 2,000 rats, we have repeatedly demonstrated a passage of the rats' own albumin from the blood through the brain capillaries into the surrounding brain parenchyma at SAR values down to 0.1mW/kg. In most of these experiments, the animals were exposed in TEM-cells, ventilated by an external electrical fan at 50 Hz. In the present study, we examined whether the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from the fan (50 Hz, 0.3-1.5 lT) might add to the RF effect. Sixty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: RF only, ELF only and RF ? ELF exposure plus a sham group. The GSM-900 MHz RF exposure was at the very low, nonthermal, average whole-body SAR level 0.4 mW/kg. Demonstration of the normally occurring albumin extravasation in the basal hypothalamus is our inbuilt control proving that the staining is reliable. Two full series of staining of the whole material gave negative results for hypothalamus. Not until we changed to avidin, biotin, and antibodies from a third supplier, we received an acceptable staining. Twenty-five percent of the RF animals had a pathological albumin leakage, while the ELF and RF ? ELF groups with three and two pathological findings, respectively, were not significantly different from the control group. We conclude that the use of external fans has had no major influence upon the result.

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Section: Gsm Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one of our earlier experiments, the long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation (Grafström et al 2008), we omitted the fans and utilized the suction table underneath the cages for air circulation. We found that albumin foci were sparse in both the SAR 60 mW/kg and 0.6 mW/kg groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

et al. 2011

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“…Regarding the astroglial response to GSM, the literature is characterized by a high variability, as shown by negative (Fritze et al, 1997;Grafstrom et al, 2008) and positive effects (Ammari et al, 2010;Brillaud et al, 2007;Mausset-Bonnefont et al, 2004). Protocol differences may explain part of this variability, as, GFAP expression can be decreased by stress (Laping et al, 1994).…”

Section: Gsm Exposure and Neuro-immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 900MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats

Bouji¹,

Lecomte²,

Hode³

et al. 2012

Experimental Gerontology

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. Effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats. Experimental Gerontology, Elsevier, 2012, 47 (6) ABSTRACTThe widespread use of mobile phones raises the question of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF, 900 MHz) on the brain. Previous studies reported increased levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the rat's brain after a single exposure to 900 MHz global system for mobile (GSM) signal, suggesting a potential inflammatory process. While this result was obtained in adult rats, no data is currently available in older animals. Since the transition from middle-age to senescence is highly dependent on environment and lifestyle, we studied the reactivity of middle-aged brains to EMF exposure. We assessed the effects of a single 15 min GSM exposure (900MHz; specific absorption rate (SAR) = 6 W/kg) on GFAP expression in young adults (6 week-old) and middle-aged rats (12 month-old). Brain interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, plasmatic levels of corticosterone (CORT), and emotional memory were also assessed.Our data indicated that, in contrast to previously published work, acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocytes activation. Our results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, and increased plasmatic levels of CORT in GSM-exposed young adults. Altogether, our data showed an age dependency of reactivity to GSM exposure in neuroimmunity, stress and behavioral parameters. Reproducing these effects and studying their mechanisms may allow a better understanding of mobile phone EMF effects on neurobiological parameters.

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“…[16][17][18] Whereas, a study by Grafström et al showed no significant alteration in the histopathological parameters, when comparing the GSM-exposed animals to the sham-exposed controls. [19] The International Agency for Research on Cancer which is a part of the World Health Organization has grouped these radiations as Group 2B carcinogens implying that they are possibly carcinogenic. [20] In a study done on molluscan neuron, the high SARs produced by cell phone-like RF field simulations led to a delay in the cellular mechanism for processing and storage of information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the duration of mobile phone usage affect the human auditory system? A middle latency auditory-evoked potential study in young adults

J¹,

Arunkumar²,

Roopakala³

2018

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Mobile phones emit microwave range of electromagnetic radiations. The human auditory cortex has a greater chance of being affected by these radiations due to the close proximity during usage. Middle latency auditory-evoked potential (MLAEP) recording helps in testing the integrity of the thalamo-cortical pathway of the human auditory system. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are (1) to compare the latencies of MLAEPs in short-and long-term mobile phone users based on years of usage and (2) to compare the latencies of MLAEPs in mobile phone users grouped based on the duration of usage per day. Materials and Methods: MLAEP recording was done in 20 short-and long-term mobile users described as the history of usage of mobile phone less than and more than 1 year, respectively. Further, the group was categorized based on the duration of usage per day. Mean latencies of the MLAEP waves Na, Pa, and Nb were measured and compared statistically using Student's t-test (two tailed, independent) and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean latencies of MLAEP waveforms in both the ears were found to be significantly increased in long-term mobile phone users and in individuals who use mobile phones for more than 1 h per day. Conclusion: The study shows that long-term usage, as well as longer duration of usage of mobile phones, significantly affects the nerve conduction velocity in the thalamo-cortical region of the human auditory pathway.

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Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

Effects of 900MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats

Does the duration of mobile phone usage affect the human auditory system? A middle latency auditory-evoked potential study in young adults

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