Exposure of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to environmentally relevant levels of cadmium: hematology, muscle physiology, and implications for stock enhancement in the Xiangjiang River (Hunan, China)

Abstract

Cadmium is a non-essential metal with a wide distribution that has severe toxic effects on aquatic animals. Changes in hematology and muscle physiology were examined in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to environmentally relevant levels of cadmium (0.01 mg L 1 ) for 96 h. Cadmium exposure induced significant increases in the red blood cell count, and in the plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and lactate. This suggests that the dose of cadmium was sufficient to cause stress, possibly associated with impaired gas exchange at the gills. There were no changes in hemoglobin concentration or plasma protein concentration. Significant decreases in muscle energy fuels (ATP and glycogen), and increases in muscle lactate persisted until the end of the exposure period, respectively. The changes in muscle lactate and protein in silver carp differed from those observed in response to exposure of fish to cadmium and heavy metals in other studies. The study highlights the importance of selecting unpolluted release sites with suitable water conditions for the survival of newly released individuals for stock enhancement of the Xiangjiang River. silver carp, hematology, muscle physiology, cadmium exposure, stock enhancement Citation:Zhang T, Zhang Y, Li D L, et al. Exposure of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to environmentally relevant levels of cadmium: hematology, muscle physiology, and implications for stock enhancement in the Xiangjiang River

Effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentration on growth and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals with a wide distribution. Estimation of responses to heavy metals may provide sensitive indicators on which to predict the effects of heavy-metal pollution on fish populations [15]. Exposure of fish to heavy metals could have widespread detrimental effects on their health [15].…”

“…Estimation of responses to heavy metals may provide sensitive indicators on which to predict the effects of heavy-metal pollution on fish populations [15]. Exposure of fish to heavy metals could have widespread detrimental effects on their health [15]. Some of the physiological effects of chronic exposure to waterborne cadmium at sub-lethal levels are manifested in the form of disturbances in respiration [16,17], reduction in growth [18], disruption in whole-body or plasma ion regulation [19,20], changes in hematology [21-24], enzyme activity [24,25] and other blood parameters, such as glucose, total protein, triglyceride and cortisol that reveal the stress response in fish [26,27].…”

Metabolic, Bioproductive and Reproductive Effects of Aquatic Exposure to Cadmium in Dish- A Review

“…The data indicate significant physiological changes in the muscle metabolism, possibly linked to alterations in gas exchanges at the branchial arches level (Zhang et al, 2013). Offspring from species Catostomus commersonii and Luxilus cornutus, when were exposed to aquatic contamination with cadmiu, have presented a significantly higher food intake compared to the control groups and the individual growth rate was with 67-100% lower.…”

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“…Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals with a wide distribution. Estimation of responses to heavy metals may provide sensitive indicators on which to predict the effects of heavy-metal pollution on fish health and populations [19] . Some of the physiological effects of chronic exposure to waterborne cadmium at sub lethal levels are manifested in the form of disturbances in respiration, [20] reduction in growth, [21] disruption in whole-body or plasma ion regulation, [22] changes in haematology, [23] enzyme activity [24] and other blood parameters, such as glucose, total protein, triglyceride and cortisol that reveal the stress response in fish [25] .…”