Exposure to Gastric Acid Inhibitors Increases the Risk of Infection in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants but Concomitant Administration of Lactoferrin Counteracts This Effect

Manzoni, Paolo; Sánchez, Rubén García; Meyer, Michael; Stolfi, Ilaria; Pugni, Lorenza; Messner, Hubert; Cattani, Silvia; Betta, Pasqua; Memo, Luigi; Decembrino, Lidia; Bollani, Lina; Rinaldi, Matteo; Fioretti, Maria Cristina; Quercia, Michele; Maule, Milena; Tavella, Elena; Mussa, Alessandro; Laforgia, Nicola; Mosca, Fabio; Magaldi, Rosario; Mostert, M.; Farina, Daniele; Comite, A. Di; Borghesi, A.; Tzialla, Chryssoula; Agriesti, Giovanni; Arisio, Riccardo; Franco, Caterina; Guardione, Roberta; Boano, Elena; Catarinella, Alessia; Romano, Cristina; Monetti, Cesare; Sala, Ugo; Carbonara, Caterina; Mastretta, Emmanuele; Sordo, Paola Del; Priolo, Claudio; Galletto, Paolo; Campagnoli, Francesca; Vivalda, M; Bonfante, Giuliano; Gomirato, G; Montin, Davide; Camilla, Roberta; Messina, Alessandro; Pieretto, Marta; Cipolla, Domenico; Giuffrè, Mario; Corsello, Giovanni; Natale, Fabio; Vetrano, Gennaro; Tridapalli, Elisabetta; Faldella, Giacomo; Capretti, Maria Grazia; Paolillo, Piermichele; Picone, Simonetta; Lacerenza, Serafina; Gargano, Giancarlo; Magnani, Corrado; Saia, O S; Casa, Elena Della

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.080

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It displays antimicrobial and anti-infectious activity, with many clinical trials reporting its preventative role in neonatal sepsis, diarrhea, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. High levels of lactoferrin are reported in colostrum 7 ng/L, with a gradual decline to 2-4g/L in mature milk [133][134][135][136][137]. Human milk contains an array of specialised growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, which aids healing of intestinal mucosa, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2 which increase tissue growth, and neuronal growth factors which help peristalsis; these are just some of the growth factors present in human milk that enhance infant development [138][139][140][141].…”

Section: Other Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health

et al. 2020

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Human breast milk is considered the optimum feeding regime for newborn infants due to its ability to provide complete nutrition and many bioactive health factors. Breast feeding is associated with improved infant health and immune development, less incidences of gastrointestinal disease and lower mortality rates than formula fed infants. As well as providing fundamental nutrients to the growing infant, breast milk is a source of commensal bacteria which further enhance infant health by preventing pathogen adhesion and promoting gut colonisation of beneficial microbes. While breast milk was initially considered a sterile fluid and microbes isolated were considered contaminants, it is now widely accepted that breast milk is home to its own unique microbiome. The origins of bacteria in breast milk have been subject to much debate, however, the possibility of an entero-mammary pathway allowing for transfer of microbes from maternal gut to the mammary gland is one potential pathway. Human milk derived strains can be regarded as potential probiotics; therefore, many studies have focused on isolating strains from milk for subsequent use in infant health and nutrition markets. This review aims to discuss mammary gland development in preparation for lactation as well as explore the microbial composition and origins of the human milk microbiota with a focus on probiotic development.

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Section: Other Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health

et al. 2020

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“…Lf plays a key role in specialized systems to bind iron, affecting cellular proliferation and differentiation, dependent on the degree of iron saturation [9,10]. Clinical trials have demonstrated roles for Lf in the prevention of diarrhea [11,12], neonatal sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [13,14,15]. Lf may significantly impact development as well as the well-being of infants and later outcomes, which are directly related to breastfeeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation

et al. 2019

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Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation-stage related; colostrum contains more than 5 g/L, which then significantly decreases to 2–3 g/L in mature milk. The milk of mothers who are breastfeeding for more than one year is of a standard value, containing macronutrients in a composition similar to that of human milk at later stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate lactoferrin concentration in prolonged lactation from the first to the 48th month postpartum. Lactating women (n = 120) up to 48 months postpartum were recruited to the study. The mean value of lactoferrin concentration was the lowest in the group of 1–12 months of lactation (3.39 ± 1.43 g/L), significantly increasing in the 13–18 months group (5.55 ± 4.00 g/L; p < 0.006), and remaining at a comparable level in the groups of 19–24 month and over 24 months (5.02 ± 2.97 and 4.90 ± 3.18 g/L, respectively). The concentration of lactoferrin in mother’s milk also showed a positive correlation with protein concentration over lactation from the first to the 48th month (r = 0.3374; p = 0.0002). Our results demonstrate the high immunology potential of human milk during prolonged lactation and that Lf concentration is close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. Evidence of stable or rising immunoprotein levels during prolonged lactation provides an argument for foregoing weaning; however, breastfeeding must be combined with solid foods meet the new requirements of a rapidly growing six-month or older baby.

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“…Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein involved in a wide range of biological functions including anti-infectious, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic activities, as well as promotion of cellular proliferation and differentiation [ 1 , 2 ]. Importantly, clinical trials have demonstrated roles for Lf in prevention of diarrhea [ 3 , 4 ], neonatal sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. It is secreted by exocrine glands and secondary neutrophils and mainly present in external secretions such as milk, saliva, tears, bile, and pancreatic fluids [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Lactoferrin in Human Milk and Its Variation during Lactation in Different Chinese Populations

et al. 2018

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Background: Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein and one of the most abundant proteins in human milk. Various factors may affect its concentration in human milk, such as stage of lactation, ethnicity, and diet. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to examine the dynamic change in milk Lf throughout the course of lactation and explore factors associated with milk Lf concentrations in various Chinese populations. Methods: This investigation was a part of a large cross-sectional study conducted in 11 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Beijing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang) across China between 2011 and 2013. Lactating women (n = 6481) within 0–330 days postpartum were recruited in the original study. A sub-sample of 824 women was randomly selected, and milk Lf concentrations were determined by UPLC/MS. Results: The Lf concentration in milk from women delivering at term was 3.16 g/L, 1.73 g/L and 0.90 g/L for colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk, respectively. Lf concentrations differed significantly between stages of lactation (colostrum vs. transitional milk, colostrum vs. mature milk, transitional milk vs. mature milk, all p < 0.001). Maternal BMI, age, mode of delivery, parturition, protein intake, and serum albumin concentration were not correlated with milk Lf concentration. However, milk Lf concentrations varied among different geographical regions (Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Heilongjiang (1.44 g/L), p = 0.037; Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Gansu (1.43 g/L), p = 0.041) and ethnicities (Dai (1.80 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.007; Han (1.62 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.002) in China. Conclusions: The concentration of Lf in human milk changes dynamically throughout lactation. Few maternal characteristics affect the milk Lf concentration, but it varies across different geographical regions and ethnicities in China.

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Exposure to Gastric Acid Inhibitors Increases the Risk of Infection in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants but Concomitant Administration of Lactoferrin Counteracts This Effect

Abstract: isrctn.org: ISRCTN53107700.

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health

Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health

Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation

Concentration of Lactoferrin in Human Milk and Its Variation during Lactation in Different Chinese Populations

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