Exposure to low dose ionising radiation: Molecular and clinical consequences

Martin, Lynn; Marples, Brian; Lynch, Thomas; Hollywood, Donal; Marignol, Laure

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.015

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Apart from the studies mentioned above, one of the most promising studies is the one evaluating HRS and IRR. HRS is characterized by an increased sensitivity to radiation doses less than 0.3 Gy, which is followed by a more radioresistant response per unit dose between 0.3 and 0.6 Gy termed IRR . The HRS/IRR phenomenon has been demonstrated in normal cells as well as cancer cells in vitro .…”

Section: Perspective Overview On the Clinical Application Of Ldrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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It has been generally accepted that both natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation contribute to human exposure and consequently pose a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation. LDR can stimulate proliferation of normal cells and activate their defense systems, while these biological effects are not observed in some cancer cell types. Although there is still no concordance on this matter, the fact that LDR has the potential to enhance the effects of cancer therapeutics and reduce the toxic side effects of anti-cancer therapy has garnered significant interest. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the experimental data detailing the different responses of normal and cancer tissues to LDR, the underlying mechanisms, and its significance in clinical application.

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Section: Perspective Overview On the Clinical Application Of Ldrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…ATM and γH2AX are part of complex signaling cascades leading to DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) processes [19, 20], and these signaling cascades can also be impacted by micro-RNAs [21]. Even low-dose radiation hypersensitivity (defined as doses below 0.3 Gy) can affect both DNA repair and the cell cycle [22]. Therefore, it is not surprising that μCT scans with doses as low as 150 mGy in mice have been reported to induce double-strand DNA breaks [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Meganck

Liu

2016

Mol Imaging Biol

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PurposeX-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a widely used imaging modality in preclinical research with applications in many areas including orthopedics, pulmonology, oncology, cardiology, and infectious disease. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation and, therefore, can potentially induce damage and cause detrimental effects. Previous reviews have touched on these effects but have not comprehensively covered the possible implications on study results. Furthermore, interpreting data across these studies is difficult because there is no widely accepted dose characterization methodology for preclinical μCT. The purpose of this paper is to ensure in vivo μCT studies can be properly designed and the data can be appropriately interpreted.ProceduresStudies from the scientific literature that investigate the biological effects of radiation doses relevant to μCT were reviewed. The different dose measurement methodologies used in the peer-reviewed literature were also reviewed. The CT dose index 100 (CTDI100) was then measured on the Quantum GX μCT instrument. A low contrast phantom, a hydroxyapatite phantom, and a mouse were also imaged to provide examples of how the dose can affect image quality.ResultsData in the scientific literature indicate that scenarios exist where radiation doses used in μCT imaging are high enough to potentially bias experimental results. The significance of this effect may relate to the study outcome and tissue being imaged. CTDI100 is a reasonable metric to use for dose characterization in μCT. Dose rates in the Quantum GX vary based on the amount of material in the beam path and are a function of X-ray tube voltage. The CTDI100 in air for a Quantum GX can be as low as 5.1 mGy for a 50 kVp scan and 9.9 mGy for a 90 kVp scan. This dose is low enough to visualize bone both in a mouse image and in a hydroxyapatite phantom, but applications requiring higher resolution in a mouse or less noise in a low-contrast phantom benefit from longer scan times with increased dose.ConclusionsDose management should be considered when designing μCT studies. Dose rates in the Quantum GX are compatible with longitudinal μCT imaging.

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“…This phenomenon, the so-called low-dose hypersensitivity in normal persons, has been observed initially by Joiner and Denekamp [ 46 ]. A recent extensive review by Martin et al [ 47 ] provided a comprehensive overview of the experimental data detailing the incidence, mechanism and significance of low-dose hypersensitivity to radiation, featuring excess of cell death. This is considered a specific way of suppressing precancerous phenomena in cells in which a complete and efficient repair process has failed.…”

Section: A Survey Of Radiation Damage and Cellular Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Induced by X-Ray Mammography Screening? A Review Based on Recent Understanding of Low-Dose Radiobiology

Pauwels¹,

Foray²,

Bourguignon³

2015

Med Princ Pract

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Screening mammography offers the possibility of discovering malignant diseases at an early stage, which is consequently treated early, thereby reducing the mortality rate. However, ionizing radiation as used in low-dose X-ray mammography may be associated with a risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In the context of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, this article reviewed novel radiobiological data and provided a simulation of the relative incidence of radiation-induced breast cancer due to screening against a background baseline incidence in a population of 100,000 individuals. The use of modern digital mammographic technology was assumed, giving rise to a glandular dose of 2.5 mGy from a 2-view per breast image. Assuming no latency time, this led to a ratio of induced incidence rate over baseline incidence rate of about 1.6‰ for biennial screening in women aged 50-74 years, although it cannot be excluded that the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor values relying on new radiobiological insights may lower this number to about 0.7‰. This carcinogenic risk is considered small in relation to the potential beneficial effects of screening, especially as latency time was not taken into consideration. However, individuals who are known to be carriers of risk-increasing genetic variations and/or have an inherited disposition of breast cancer should avoid ionizing radiation as much as possible and should be referred to ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, a significant, but difficult to quantify, risk of cancer is present for individuals who suffer from hypersusceptibility to ionizing radiation.

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Exposure to low dose ionising radiation: Molecular and clinical consequences

Cited by 34 publications

References 104 publications

Low‐dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics

Low‐dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics

Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Breast Cancer Induced by X-Ray Mammography Screening? A Review Based on Recent Understanding of Low-Dose Radiobiology

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