Exposure to styrene and mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the genitourinary system

Changes in cellular immunity among workers occupationally exposed to styrene in a plastics lamination plant

“…The total absorption may amount to gram quantities daily. Exposure of workers to styrene can result in memory loss, dif®culties in concentration and learning, brain and liver damage [Gibbs and Mulligan, 1997], nephrotoxicity [Welp et al, 1996;Verplanke and Herber, 1998], hematotoxicity [Stengel et al, 1990], reproductive and hepatotoxic effects (RTECS(R) database).…”

NTP‐CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of styrene

“…Reported mean 8-hr TWA levels of styrene in air of glass-reinforced plastic facilities ranged from 3-82 ppm with individual 8-hr TWA levels up to B140 ppm. Some studies or reviews reported data indicating that generally styrene exposures have tended to decrease over time (Pfäffli and Säämänen, 1993;Welp et al, 1996;Macaluso et al, 2004). However, styrene exposures in the reinforced plastic facilities as reported by Lemasters et al (1985a) were essentially similar to the exposure levels reported by Lees et al (2003) and Luderer et al (2004).…”

“…It has been reported that styrene concentrations are dropping over time due to improvements in work processes (Miller et al, 1994). Welp et al (1996) reported that exposures in European glass-reinforced plastics workers from 6 countries dropped from 200 ppm in the 1960s to 20-40 ppm in the late 1980s. A review by Pfäffli and Säämänen (1993), summarized mean styrene exposures reported in 16 studies for reinforced-plastics lamination workers in nine European, North American, or Asian countries.…”

Sustainability and human health issues pertinent to fibre reinforced polymer composites usage: A review

“…The data for mutagenicity are mixed and the data are inadequate to classify it as a mutagen. 74 Occupational exposure to styrene can result in various health effects not only on the central and peripheral nervous system [75][76][77] especially impairment of colour vision 78,79 and hearing ability 80 but also on the respiratory tract, 81 liver, kidneys 82,83 and skin. 84 Those health defects are reported to occur at a relatively low dose, and the reduction of individual exposure to styrene is essential in those industries making fibreglass reinforced plastics with styrene.…”