“…34,35 In addition, the overuse of antibiotics leads to increased bacterial resistance, which in turn poses a threat to human health. Although there are many analytical methods for antibiotic detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 36,37 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 38,39 enzyme-linked immunoassay, 40,41 colorimetric analysis 42,43 and electrochemical detection, [44][45][46] these methods are costly and need complex procedures, time-consuming sample pretreatment, professional operation and high instrument maintenance costs. Therefore, the development and establishment of simple, economical, rapid, and sensitive TC essays are crucial.…”