Express your personality or go along with the group: what determines the behaviour of shoaling perch?

Magnhagen, Carin; Bunnefeld, Nils

doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0851

Cited by 104 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Shoaling tendency in fish has been shown to be both heritable (Dochtermann, Schwab, & Sih, 2015; Wright, Rimmer, Pritchard, Krause, & Butlin, 2003) and repeatable (Magnhagen & Bunnefeld, 2009; Ward et al., 2004). Therefore, if more social fish tend to be found in larger groups in the wild, then it is possible that sociability as a trait could be under selection in trap fisheries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

Thambithurai

Hollins

Leeuwen

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Group living is widespread among animals and has a range of positive effects on individual foraging and predator avoidance. For fishes, capture by humans constitutes a major source of mortality, and the ecological effects of group living could carry‐over to harvest scenarios if fish are more likely to interact with fishing gears when in social groups. Furthermore, individual metabolic rate can affect both foraging requirements and social behaviors, and could, therefore, have an additional influence on which fish are most vulnerable to capture by fishing. Here, we studied whether social environment (i.e., social group size) and metabolic rate exert independent or interactive effects on the vulnerability of wild zebrafish (Danio rerio) to capture by a baited passive trap gear. Using video analysis, we observed the tendency for individual fish to enter a deployed trap when in different shoal sizes. Fish in larger groups were more vulnerable to capture than fish tested individually or at smaller group sizes. Specifically, focal fish in larger groups entered traps sooner, spent more total time within the trap, and were more likely to re‐enter the trap after an escape. Contrary to expectations, there was evidence that fish with a higher SMR took longer to enter traps, possibly due to a reduced tendency to follow groupmates or attraction to conspecifics already within the trap. Overall, however, social influences appeared to largely overwhelm any link between vulnerability and metabolic rate. The results suggest that group behavior, which in a natural predation setting is beneficial for avoiding predators, could be maladaptive under a trap harvest scenario and be an important mediator of which traits are under harvest associated selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

Thambithurai

Hollins

Leeuwen

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Other studies also report that the maintenance of these traits depends on both the level of the trait and state dependencies. In perch (Perca fluviatilis), for example, traits such as time spent in open habitat are consistently expressed between asocial and social contexts (groups of four fish); however, bolder individuals changed their behaviour less between contexts [46]. Similarly, three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) maintain their behavioural traits in a pair, where the bolder individual of the pair will initiate more foraging trips, while a shyer individual will follow [11,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of individuality in collective group movement

et al. 2013

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How different levels of biological organization interact to shape each other's function is a central question in biology. One particularly important topic in this context is how individuals' variation in behaviour shapes group-level characteristics. We investigated how fish that express different locomotory behaviour in an asocial context move collectively when in groups. First, we established that individual fish have characteristic, repeatable locomotion behaviours (i.e. median speeds, variance in speeds and median turning speeds) when tested on their own. When tested in groups of two, four or eight fish, we found individuals partly maintained their asocial median speed and median turning speed preferences, while their variance in speed preference was lost. The strength of this individuality decreased as group size increased, with individuals conforming to the speed of the group, while also decreasing the variability in their own speed. Further, individuals adopted movement characteristics that were dependent on what group size they were in. This study therefore shows the influence of social context on individual behaviour. If the results found here can be generalized across species and contexts, then although individuality is not entirely lost in groups, social conformity and group-size-dependent effects drive how individuals will adjust their behaviour in groups.

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“…Finally, it has recently Personality and the spread of invasion J. Cote et al 1577 been shown that the expression of personality might depend on group composition and even that the personality of others matters in the formation of a group (Harcourt et al 2009;Magnhagen & Bunnefeld 2009) and the behaviours of conspecifics also matter in dispersal decisions. More experiments are needed to test how individual social behaviour interacts with average social behaviour in the population.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Individual Consistency and Behavioural Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits and dispersal tendency in the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

et al. 2010

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Ecological invasions, where non-native species spread to new areas, grow to high densities and have large, negative impacts on ecological communities, are a major worldwide problem. Recent studies suggest that one of the key mechanisms influencing invasion dynamics is personality-dependent dispersal: the tendency for dispersers to have a different personality type than the average from a source population. We examined this possibility in the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). We measured individual tendencies to disperse in experimental streams and several personality traits: sociability, boldness, activity and exploration tendency before and three weeks after dispersal. We found that mosquitofish display consistent behavioural tendencies over time, and significant positive correlations between all personality traits. Most notably, sociability was an important indicator of dispersal distance, with more asocial individuals dispersing further, suggesting personality-biased dispersal on an invasion front. These results could have important ecological implications, as invasion by a biased subset of individuals is likely to have different ecological impacts than invasion by a random group of colonists.

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Express your personality or go along with the group: what determines the behaviour of shoaling perch?

Cited by 104 publications

References 41 publications

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

The role of individuality in collective group movement

Personality traits and dispersal tendency in the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

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