“…As Dewey indicated, teachers never teach students directly, but teach them indirectly by means of the educative environment (Hansen, 2002). By utilizing emerging technologies in TRCs like education robot, virtual reality, 3D avatars, and wireless sensors, diversified innovative teaching and learning activities have been held in TRCs (Fuad, Deb, Etim, & Gloster, 2018;Hwang, Chu, Shih, Huang, & Tsai, 2010;Lemmon, Lui, Cottrell, & Hamilton, 2012;Liao, Sunq, Wang, & Lin, 2019;Omokawa, Kobayashi, & Matsuura, 2019). These activities can stimulate students' learning motivation, improve students' learning experience, promote students' active learning behaviour, help students achieve good learning performance, and cultivate the 21st-century skills (Liu, Horton, Olmanson, & Toprac, 2011;O'Grady, Simmie, & Kennedy, 2014).…”