Expression and distribution of S100 protein in the nervous system of the adult zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Germanà, Antonino; Marino, Fabio; Guerrera, Maria Cristina; Campo, Salvatore; Girolamo, Paolo de; Montalbano, Giuseppe; Germanà, G; Ochoa-Erena, F.J.; Ciriaco, E.; Vega, J.A.

doi:10.1002/jemt.20544

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In any case, the ventricular contact is critical in maintaining NSC activity in vertebrates (Kaslin et al, 2009). The pattern of distribution of Sox2 in the ventricular walls is similar to that reported for S100 protein in the brain of adult zebrafish (Germanà et al, 2008). S100β is used as the standard marker for mature nongerminal astrocytes (Marz et al, 2010), and it should be noted that S100β‐expressing astrocytes have been reported to divide in the adult brain (Ihrie and Alvarez‐Buylla, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Developmental changes in the expression of sox2 in the zebrafish brain

Germanà

Montalbano

Guerrera

et al. 2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The family of B1 Sox transcription factors plays critical roles in the early stages of development, including the central nervous system. It was demonstrated that Sox2 is expressed in repressed neural stem cells. Therefore, we decided to investigate the expression of Sox2 in the brain of zebrafish at different ages to identify potential neurogenic areas, and to establish the developmental changes they undergo. The brains were assessed by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The maximal expression of Sox2 was found at 15 dpf progressively decreases up to 30 dpf, then increases up to 40 dpf and remains unchanged up to 180 dpf. By western blot three protein bands of 28 kDa, 34 kDa (main band), and 38 kDa were detected in the brain of 180 dpf animals. The immunolocalization of Sox2 revealed that by 15 dpf Sox2 was detected in cells of the olfactory bulb, the walls of the telencephalic and diencephalic ventricles, several nucleus in the diencephalons, and the tectum opticum; by 25-50 dpf the Sox2 positive areas were the same as above, and in the rhombencephalic ventricle and cerebellum. In adult animals Sox2 was restricted to the olfactory bulb and to cells of the telencephalic ventricle walls. Taken together present results demonstrate that the potential neurogenic areas in the brain of zebrafish are widespread than in mammals and change with development, but they are primarily concentrated around the ventricles and olfactory bulb in adults, following a similar localization as in mammals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Developmental changes in the expression of sox2 in the zebrafish brain

Germanà

Montalbano

Guerrera

et al. 2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Although fish species show intense labelling for the cytoskeleton‐associated calcium binding protein, S100 (present study; Germanà et al. ; Lazzari et al. ), upon comparison of zebrafish with guppy, only the intracranial olfactory nerve and olfactory nerve layer displayed similar immunostaining intensities in the two species, whereas other parts of the olfactory system were less stained in zebrafish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Lazzari

Bettini

2013

Journal of Anatomy

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Continuous lifelong neurogenesis is typical of the vertebrate olfactory system. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons is dependent on the glial cell type specific to the olfactory pathway, designated 'olfactory ensheathing cells'. Several studies to date have focused on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, owing to their potential roles in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. However, limited information is available regarding this glial cell type in non-mammalian vertebrates, particularly anamniotes. In the current immunocytochemical study, we analysed the features of olfactory ensheathing cells in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Fish provide a good model for studying glial cells associated with the olfactory pathway of non-mammalian vertebrates. In particular, zebrafish has numerous valuable features that enable its use as a prime model organism for genetic, neurobiological and developmental studies, as well as toxicology and genomics research. Paraffin sections from decalcified heads of zebrafish were processed immunocytochemically to detect proteins used in the research on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, including glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), S100, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM), vimentin (VIM), p75NTR and galactin (Gal)-1. Notably, GFAP, S100, NCAM and Gal-1 were clearly observed, whereas no vimentin staining was detected. Weak immunostaining for PSA-NCAM and p75NTR was evident. Moreover the degree of marker expression was not uniform in various tracts of the zebrafish olfactory pathway. The immunostaining patterns of the zebrafish olfactory system are distinct from those of other fish to some extent, suggesting interspecific differences. We also showed that the olfactory pathway of zebrafish expresses markers of mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells. The olfactory systems of vertebrates have similarities but there are also marked variations between them. The issue of whether regional and interspecific differences in immunostaining patterns of olfactory pathway markers have functional significance requires further investigation.

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“…The pieces were cut in serial frontal, horizontal, and sagittal sections 10-lm thick, and collected on gelatin-coated microscope slides. The sections were then processed for indirect peroxidase immunohistochemistry as previously described (Germanà et al 2008). In brief, deparaffinized and rehydrated sections were rinsed in TrisHCl buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.5) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.2% Triton-X-100.…”

Section: Localization Of Trkb and Bdnf Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and TrkB in the Lateral Line System of Zebrafish During Development

et al. 2010

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The neuromasts of the lateral line system are regarded as a model to study the mechanisms of hearing, deafness, and ototoxicity. The neurotrophins (NTs), especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its signaling receptor TrkB are involved in the development and maintenance of neuromasts. To know the period in which the BDNF/TrkB complex has more effects in the neuromast biology, the age-related changes were studied. Normal zebrafish from 10 to 180 days post-fertilization (dpf), as well as transgenic ET4 zebrafish 10 and 20 dpf, was analyzed using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. BDNF and TrkB mRNAs followed a parallel course, peaking at 20 dpf, and thereafter progressively decreased. Specific immunoreactivity for BDNF and TrkB was found co-localized in all hairy cells of neuromasts in 20 and 30 dpf; then, the number of immunoreactive cells decreased, and by 180 dpf BDNF remains restricted to a subpopulation of hairy cells, and TrkB to a few number of sensory and non-sensory cells. At all ages examined, TrkB immunoreactivity was detected in sensory ganglia innervating the neuromasts. The present results demonstrate that there is a parallel time-related decline in the expression of BDNF and TrkB in zebrafish. Also, the patterns of cell expression suggest that autocrine/paracrine mechanisms for this NT system might occur within the neuromasts. Because TrkB in lateral line ganglia did not vary with age, their neurons are potentially capable to respond to BDNF during the entire lifespan of zebrafish.

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Expression and distribution of S100 protein in the nervous system of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Developmental changes in the expression of sox2 in the zebrafish brain

Developmental changes in the expression of sox2 in the zebrafish brain

Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and TrkB in the Lateral Line System of Zebrafish During Development

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