Expression and mapping of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in carrot

Abstract

Anthocyanin gene expression has been extensively studied in leaves, fruits and flowers of numerous plants. Little, however, is known about anthocyanin accumulation in roots of carrots or other species. We quantified expression of six anthocyanin biosynthetic genes [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL3), chalcone synthase (CHS1), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR1), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX2), and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT)] in three carrot inbreds with contrasting root color: solid purple (phloem and xylem); purple outer phloem/orange xylem; and orange phloem and xylem. Transcripts for five of these genes (CHS1, DFR1, F3H, LDOX2, PAL3) accumulated at high levels in solid purple carrots, less in purple-orange carrot, and low or no transcript in orange carrots. Gene expression coincided with anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, UFGT expression was comparable in purple and orange carrots and relatively unchanged during root development. In addition, five anthocyanin biosynthesis genes [FLS1 (flavonol synthase), F3H, LDOX2, PAL3, and UFGT] and three anthocyanin transcription factors (DcEFR1, DcMYB3 and DcMYB5) were mapped in a population segregating for the P 1 locus that conditions purple root color. P 1 mapped to chromosome 3 and of the eight anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, only F3H and FLS1 were linked to P 1. The gene expression and mapping data suggest a coordinated regulatory control of anthocyanin expression in carrot root and establish a framework for studying the anthocyanin pathway in carrots, and they also suggest that none of the genes evaluated is a candidate for P 1.

Naturally Occurring Anthocyanin, Structure, Functions and Biosynthetic Pathway in Fruit Plants

“…However, little is known about anthocyanin accumulation in roots of carrots or other species. Consequently, there are very exceptional reports available about the control of anthocyanin genes in plants root system [58].…”

“…The regulatory elements are still under investigation [57]. Consequently, there are very exceptional reports are available about the control of anthocyanin genes in plants root system [58]. There is indication of the enzymes implicated in flavonoid metabolism acting as membrane linked with the multi-enzyme complexes, which have connotation on generally competence, regulation and specificity, of the pathway [53].…”

Meloidogyne incognita nematode resistance QTL in carrot

“…Previously, only 117 markers with known sequence information had been mapped in carrot (Yildiz et al 2013;Alessandro et al 2013;Cavagnaro et al 2011). The Br1091 9 HM1 map shares over 300 markers with other linkage maps containing QTL mapping data for traits of interest ).…”

“…SNPs and SSRs with known chromosome locations were used to anchor the linkage groups (Iorizzo et al 2013b;Cavagnaro et al 2011;Iovene et al 2011;Yildiz et al 2013). After being assigned to chromosomes, linkage groups were oriented and numbered following the chromosome orientation and classification of Iovene et al (2011).…”

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Properties in Colored Tiggiano Carrots

“…As in the case of Polignano carrot [8], one of the phenotypes of the Tiggiano carrot has a dark purple epidermis and a yellow-orange inner core. In many varieties of purple carrots, the dark color has been attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the taproots [5,[13][14][15][16].…”