Expression and Modulation of HLA-DR on Cultured Human Adult Astrocytes

Yong, V. Wee; Yong, Fiona P.; Ruijs, Theodora C.G.; Antel, Jack P.; Kim, Seung Up

doi:10.1097/00005072-199101000-00002

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As shown in Table 11, IFN-y increased the proportion of astrocytes expressing HLA-DR, as we have previously documented (Yong et al, 1990). In this regard, both the process-bearing and flat astrocytes could be induced to express HLA-DR to similar levels.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Morphologic heterogeneity of human adult astrocytes in culture: Correlation with HLA‐DR expression

Yong

Olivier

et al. 1990

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human adult astrocytes derived from brain surgical resections showed marked morphologic heterogeneity when cultured in vitro, ranging from a flat, fibroblast-like appearance to process-bearing cells with little soma cytoplasm. The majority of cells were intermediate in morphology, bearing a prominent cytoplasmic cell body with processes radiating from them. The morphologic heterogeneity was more extensive than that of adult rat astrocytes, and was not correlated with the extent of attendant gliosis in the surgical specimens, or the site of the surgical resection. None of the human astrocytes expressed A2B5, thus preventing their classification on basis of lineage into type 1 or type 2 astrocytes. However, functional differences appear to exist between subpopulations of human astrocytes, since the proportion of process-bearing human astrocytes that expressed HLA-DR in vitro was significantly greater than that found for flat astrocytes.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Morphologic heterogeneity of human adult astrocytes in culture: Correlation with HLA‐DR expression

Yong

Olivier

et al. 1990

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We then used ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to query pathways associated with the resulting genes and identified the antigen presentation pathway as the most significantly represented pathway increased in TAAs relative to normal astrocytes (Table 1). While previously published data has shown astrocytes to have antigen-presenting capabilities in vitro as well as in in vivo injury models [31]–[35], this function of stromal astrocytes has not been identified in a glioma mouse model. We used immunoflourescent staining to confirm MHC class II expression on TAAs in low-grade gliomas and GBM (Figure S3A) and stained with Iba-1, an immune cell marker, to demonstrate that these MHC class II-expressing astrocytes were not microglia or macrophages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…These molecules are important for antigen presentation to T cells. While previously published data has shown that astrocytes possess antigen-presenting capabilities ex vivo and in models of brain injury [31]–[35], this function of astrocytes has not been identified in a glioma mouse model and highlights a novel and potentially important role for TAAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Astrocyte-Specific Expression Patterns Associated with the PDGF-Induced Glioma Microenvironment

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment contains normal, non-neoplastic cells that may contribute to tumor growth and maintenance. Within PDGF-driven murine gliomas, tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are a large component of the tumor microenvironment. The function of non-neoplastic astrocytes in the glioma microenvironment has not been fully elucidated; moreover, the differences between these astrocytes and normal astrocytes are unknown. We therefore sought to identify genes and pathways that are increased in TAAs relative to normal astrocytes and also to determine whether expression of these genes correlates with glioma behavior.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe compared the gene expression profiles of TAAs to normal astrocytes and found the Antigen Presentation Pathway to be significantly increased in TAAs. We then identified a gene signature for glioblastoma (GBM) TAAs and validated the expression of some of those genes within the tumor. We also show that TAAs are derived from the non-tumor, stromal environment, in contrast to the Olig2+ tumor cells that constitute the neoplastic elements in our model. Finally, we validate this GBM TAA signature in patients and show that a TAA-derived gene signature predicts survival specifically in the human proneural subtype of glioma.Conclusions/SignificanceOur data identifies unique gene expression patterns between populations of TAAs and suggests potential roles for stromal astrocytes within the glioma microenvironment. We show that certain stromal astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment express a GBM-specific gene signature and that the majority of these stromal astrocyte genes can predict survival in the human disease.

show abstract

“…The induction of class I1 MHC antigens on astrocytes by a variety of factors, including interferon (1FN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-enhanced IFN-induced responses, and certain viruse~,2.54,58.59. 142,222,259,273 suggests that astrocytes may be involved in immune-mediated disease. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), astrocytes and other cells, including microglia and endothelium, express MHC class I1 mo1ecules.54~5y~155~156 Cells that express class I1 antigens are also present in active lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), and at least some of these appear to be astrocytes.132 There is controversy, however, concerning which cells indigenous to the CNS, astrocytes or microglia, actually serve as antigen-presenting cells in these diseases.…”

Section: Astrocytes In Demyelinating Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes: Form, Functions, and Roles in Disease

Montgomery¹

1994

Vet Pathol

260

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Astrocytes, once relegated to a mere supportive role in the central nervous system, are now recognized as a heterogeneous class of cells with many important and diverse functions. Major astrocyte functions can be grouped into three categories: guidance and support of neuronal migration during development, maintenance of the neural microenvironment, and modulation of immune reactions by serving as antigen-presenting cells. The concept of astrocytic heterogeneity is critical to understanding the functions and reactions of these cells in disease. Astrocytes from different regions of the brain have diverse biochemical characteristics and may respond in different ways to a variety of injuries. Astrocytic swelling and hypertrophy-hyperplasia are two common reactions to injury. This review covers the morphologic and pathophysiologic findings, time course, and determinants of these two responses. In addition to these common reactions, astrocytes may play a primary role in certain diseases, including epilepsy, neurological dysfunction in liver disease, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and demyelination. Evidence supporting primary involvement of astrocytes in these diseases will be considered.Key words: Astrocyte; functions; morphology; pathology.Neuroglia were recognized as distinct cellular elements in the central nervous system (CNS) in the late 1 8 0 0~.~~~ Mihaly von Lenhossek in 1895 proposed the name astrocyte to identify a specific class of these cells and suggested that the term neuroglia be used to encompass all supporting cells in the CNS.256 Astrocytes have long been considered as playing structural and supporting roles, reacting sluggishly and in a largely stereotypical manner to injury and disease. Rarely have astrocytes been identified as playing a primary part in diseases of the CNS. Mainly because of advances in cell culture and more specific ways to identify these cells, knowledge of astrocytic development, form, function, and roles in disease has increased dramatically. Astrocytes are estimated to comprise as much as 20-25% or even up to 50% of the total volume in some brain a r e a~. * I .~~~ Although with increasing brain weight there is a decrease in the number of neurons across several species, in the same species the ratio of glia to neurons increases. Astrocytic density then remains relatively constant or may even increase in more phylogenetically advanced species.256 These findings indicate the importance of astrocytes in the CNS.As is true of many aspects of cell biology and medicine, knowledge gained from studies in one species may not apply to other animals or to human beings. Likewise, information from in vitro studies may not be representative of astrocytes in situ8' In an organ as biochemically and functionally complex as the brain, knowledge gained from the study of astrocytes in specific areas may not apply to other regions of the CNS. The concept of astrocytic morphologic, biochemical, and functional heterogeneity is important to remem...

show abstract

Expression and Modulation of HLA-DR on Cultured Human Adult Astrocytes

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Morphologic heterogeneity of human adult astrocytes in culture: Correlation with HLA‐DR expression

Morphologic heterogeneity of human adult astrocytes in culture: Correlation with HLA‐DR expression

Astrocyte-Specific Expression Patterns Associated with the PDGF-Induced Glioma Microenvironment

Astrocytes: Form, Functions, and Roles in Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About