Expression, Interaction, and Role of Pseudogene Adh6-ps1 in Cancer and other Disease Phenotypes

Abstract

Pseudogenes have been classified as functionless and their annotation is an ongoing problem. The Adh6-ps1—a mouse pseudogene belonging to the alcohol dehydrogenase gene complex (Adh) was analyzed to review the conservation, homology, expression, and interactions and identify any role it plays in disease phenotypes using bioinformatics databases. Results showed that Adh6-ps1 have 2 transcripts (processed and unprocessed) which may have emerged from a transposition and duplication event, respectively, and that induced inversions (Uox gene, In(3)11Rk) involving gene complexes associated with Adh6-ps1 have been implicated in a diverse range of diseases. Adh6-ps1 is highly conserved in vertebrates particularly rodents and expressed in the liver. The top 5 MirRNA targets were Mir455, Mir511, Mir1903, Mir361, and Mir669o markers. While much is unknown about Mir1903 and Mir669o, the silencing of Mir455 and Mir511 is linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Mir361 is implicated in endometrial cancers. Given the identified MirRNA interactions with Adh6-ps1 and its expression in HCC and reproductive systems, it may well have a role in tumorigenesis and disease phenotypes. Nonetheless, further studies are required to establish these facts to add to the growing efforts to understand pseudogenes and their potential involvement in disease conditions.

Applied genomics for identification of virulent biothreats and for disease outbreak surveillance

“…23 Additionally, retrospective studies conducted in Germany and United Kingdom using WGS to identify virulent tuberculosis transmission was able to reassemble the infection timeline, identify superspreaders and determine transmission direction. 24 25 These examples to mention a few, show genomics as an invaluable resource in curtailing biothreats because it can help in identifying the path of disease transmission, the expression, interaction, characteristics, and homology of a particular strain, 26 and provide useful clues to investigation seeking to discover if a pathogen was deliberately engineered.…”

Identification of Pseudo-R genes in Vitis vinifera and characterization of their role as immunomodulators in host-pathogen interactions

“…The emerging significance of Ψs in innate immune response in various cancers such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatic cancer etc. laid the foundations of our study [12] . In 2015, Plasmodium falciparum resistance-associated locus pfcrt aided in the identification of novel Ψs in malaria patients [13] .…”