Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase increases cell wall digestibility of tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i>)

Buanafina, Marcia M. de O.; Langdon, Tim; Hauck, Barbara; Dalton, Susan; Morris, Phillip

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00317.x

Cited by 79 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Lignin solubilizing RTILs (such as [EMIM]OAc) may prove useful here. Ferulic acid esterases are common and provide a natural mechanism to hydrolyze ester linkages between the xylose 5-OH moiety and the small number of ferulic acid residues present in lignin (Anderson et al, 2002;Benoit et al, 2006;Buanafina et al, 2008). However, a more significant enzymatic activity would require an etherase, which can selectively split ether linkages present between lignin and hemicellulose (Otsuka et al, 2003;Sonoki et al, 2002).…”

Section: Enzymatic Reactions In Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Mora-Pale

Meli

Doherty

et al. 2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

364

225

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Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are emerging as attractive and green solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The unique solvating properties of RTILs foster the disruption of the 3D network structure of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which allows high yields of fermentable sugars to be produced in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. In the current review, we summarize the physicochemical properties of RTILs that make them effective solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment including mechanisms of interaction between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and RTILs. We also highlight several recent strategies that exploit RTILs and generate high yields of fermentable sugars suitable for downstream biofuel production, and address new opportunities for use of lignocellulosic components, including lignin. Finally, we address some of the challenges that remain before large-scale use of RTILs may be achieved.

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Section: Enzymatic Reactions In Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Mora-Pale

Meli

Doherty

et al. 2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

364

225

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“…These feruloyl esters may be oxidatively dimerized to form crosslinks between or within arabinoxylan chains and also between arabinoxylan and lignin (21). It is therefore thought that ferulic esters could play a role in the recalcitrance of plant cell walls to digestion, and a reduction in these residues has been shown to result in increased saccharification in a number of plant species (22,23,47). The alkaline pretreatment used in this study is likely to result in partial hydrolysis of the ferulate ester linkages within the cell wall and may therefore be more effective for the sac1 and sac4 lines, which have lower ferulic acid content.…”

Section: Lines With Alterations In Cell-wall Components Other Than LImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations in matrix polysaccharide content and composition can also affect saccharification (19,20) by changing the extractability and/or architecture of the cell wall. Furthermore, in grasses, matrix polysaccharides are able to cross-link to lignin and each other via ferulic acid esters (21), and a reduction in these linkages can increase saccharification (22,23).The majority of studies investigating the determinants of lignocellulose recalcitrance have taken a reverse genetics approach, disrupting genes that play key roles in cell-wall biosynthesis or expressing genes that encode wall-modifying enzymes. However, the complexity of plant cell-wall biosynthesis and the large number of genes involved, many of which are unknown, mean it is Significance Bioethanol produced from waste biomass from crops has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to petroleumbased transportation fuel that does not compete with human food supply.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of cell-wall alterations enhance saccharification in Brachypodium distachyon mutants

Marriott

Sibout

Lapierre

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Lignocellulosic plant biomass is an attractive feedstock for the production of sustainable biofuels, but the commercialization of such products is hampered by the high costs of processing this material into fermentable sugars (saccharification). One approach to lowering these costs is to produce crops with cell walls that are more susceptible to hydrolysis to reduce preprocessing and enzyme inputs. To deepen our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of lignocellulose recalcitrance, we have screened a mutagenized population of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon for improved saccharification with an industrial polysaccharide-degrading enzyme mixture. From an initial screen of 2,400 M 2 plants, we selected 12 lines that showed heritable improvements in saccharification, mostly with no significant reduction in plant size or stem strength. Characterization of these putative mutants revealed a variety of alterations in cell-wall components. We have mapped the underlying genetic lesions responsible for increased saccharification using a deep sequencing approach, and here we report the mapping of one of the causal mutations to a narrow region in chromosome 2. The most likely candidate gene in this region encodes a GT61 glycosyltransferase, which has been implicated in arabinoxylan substitution. Our work shows that forward genetic screening provides a powerful route to identify factors that impact on lignocellulose digestibility, with implications for improving feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production.lignocellulosic biofuel | matrix polysaccharides | lignin | feruloylation C oncerns over greenhouse-gas emissions and the sustainability of liquid transportation fuel supplies have led to a rapid expansion of global biofuel production in recent years. Current biofuel production is dominated by bioethanol produced by fermentation of starch or sucrose from food crops and by biodiesel produced by transesterification of plant or animal oils. Although the production of such "first-generation" biofuels can be efficient, there is widespread concern that further expansion will exacerbate anticipated problems with global food security through direct competition for resources. In addition, these crops often require high inputs and consequently have a relatively high carbon footprint (1). A promising alternative to first-generation biofuel is the use of nonfood lignocellulosic plant biomass, available as agricultural waste from food crops or produced from low input, nonfood plants such as perennial grasses (2).Lignocellulosic biomass is principally composed of plant secondary cell walls and comprises ∼70% polysaccharides, which can be converted into simple sugars for fermentation (3). The main challenge in producing bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is that these polysaccharides occur as part of a complex and indigestible macromolecular material that contains high amounts of lignin. The saccharification (conversion into simple sugars) of lignocellulose therefore requires energy demanding pretreatments and high enz...

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“…S3 D and E). The improved saccharification may be due to a decrease in the diferulic cross-links (45)(46)(47) or because a more easily extracted xylan allows cellulase enzymes better access to cellulose (48).…”

Section: Xax1 Is a Golgi-localized Protein Specifically Expressed In mentioning

confidence: 99%

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

Chiniquy

Sharma

Schultink

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

161

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Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth and represents an immense quantity of stored energy for biofuel production. Despite its importance, most of the enzymes that synthesize xylan have yet to be identified. Xylans have a backbone of β-1,4–linked xylose residues with substitutions that include α-(1→2)–linked glucuronosyl, 4- O -methyl glucuronosyl, and α-1,2- and α-1,3-arabinofuranosyl residues. The substitutions are structurally diverse and vary by taxonomy, with grass xylan representing a unique composition distinct from dicots and other monocots. To date, no enzyme has yet been identified that is specific to grass xylan synthesis. We identified a xylose-deficient loss-of-function rice mutant in Os02g22380, a putative glycosyltransferase in a grass-specific subfamily of family GT61. We designate the mutant xax1 for x ylosyl a rabinosyl substitution of x ylan 1. Enzymatic fingerprinting of xylan showed the specific absence in the mutant of a peak, which was isolated and determined by 1 H-NMR to be (β-1,4-Xyl) 4 with a β-Xyl p -(1→2)-α-Ara f -(1→3). Rice xax1 mutant plants are deficient in ferulic and coumaric acid, aromatic compounds known to be attached to arabinosyl residues in xylan substituted with xylosyl residues. The xax1 mutant plants exhibit an increased extractability of xylan and increased saccharification, probably reflecting a lower degree of diferulic cross-links. Activity assays with microsomes isolated from tobacco plants transiently expressing XAX1 demonstrated xylosyltransferase activity onto endogenous acceptors. Our results provide insight into grass xylan synthesis and how substitutions may be modified for increased saccharification for biofuel generation.

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Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase increases cell wall digestibility of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Cited by 79 publications

References 69 publications

Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Range of cell-wall alterations enhance saccharification in Brachypodium distachyon mutants

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

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