Expression of Additive Genetic Variances and Covariances for Wild Radish Floral Traits: Comparison Between Field and Greenhouse Environments

Conner, Jeffrey K.; Franks, Rachael; Stewart, Christy

doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0487:eoagva]2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Furthermore, although additive genetic variances and r MF may be affected by rearing environment (Conner et al 2003) and different traits may be affected differently, there is no reason to believe that our results are artifacts of laboratory rearing conditions. Even if laboratory conditions affect r MF and heritabilities of morphological traits, there is no known reason to expect this effect to differ with trait function or degree of sexual dimorphism so as to generate the observed patterns.…”

Section: Evolution Of Heritabilitymentioning

confidence: 82%

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

2005

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Abstract. Because homologous traits of males and females are likely to have a common genetic basis, sex-specific selection (often resulting from sexual selection on one sex) may generate an evolutionary tug-of-war known as intralocus sexual conflict, which will constrain the adaptive divergence of the sexes. Theory suggests that intralocus sexual conflict can be mitigated through reduction of the intersexual genetic correlation (r MF ), predicting negative covariation between r MF and sexual dimorphism. In addition, recent work showed that selection should favor reduced expression of alleles inherited from the opposite-sex parent (intersexual inheritance) in traits subject to intralocus sexual conflict. For traits under sexual selection in males, this should be manifested either in reduced maternal heritability or, when conflict is severe, in reduced heritability through the opposite-sex parent in offspring of both sexes. However, because we do not know how far these hypothesized evolutionary responses can actually proceed, the importance of intralocus sexual conflict as a long-term constraint on adaptive evolution remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of sexual and nonsexual morphological traits in Prochyliza xanthostoma. The lowest r MF and greatest dimorphism were exhibited by two sexual traits (head length and antenna length) and, among all traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was correlated negatively with r MF . Moreover, sexual traits exhibited reduced maternal heritabilities, and the most strongly dimorphic sexual trait (antenna length) was heritable only through the same-sex parent in offspring of both sexes. Our results support theory and suggest that intralocus sexual conflict can be resolved substantially by genomic adaptation. Further work is required to identify the proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns.

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Section: Evolution Of Heritabilitymentioning

confidence: 82%

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

2005

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“…Floral traits were highly correlated, in particular the lengths of the filaments and corolla tube (which together determine anther placement), but no significant correlation occurred between floral and vegetative traits (Conner and Via 1993). Conner et al (2003) later found that heritability estimates for six of these floral traits were much lower in the field than in the above greenhouse study.…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 87%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Warwick¹,

Francis²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Warwick, S. I. and Francis, A. 2005. The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: . A review of biological information is provided for Raphanus raphanistrum L. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec. A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. It can easily hybridize with cultivated radish, R. sativus L., and commonly does so when they occur together. Limited hybridization with canola, Brassica napus L., has been reported from several experimental field and greenhouse trials. Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops. It is the most important dicot weed in the southwestern region of Australia, primarily due to the evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypes. These include biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5), and a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican). A biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron has also been detected in South Africa. Un réservoir de semences bien stocké, une croissance agressive pour une annuelle et une grande fécondité expliquent la nature problématique de l'espèce, qui le demeurera longtemps. La plante se croise facilement avec le radis cultivé R. sativus et le fait couramment aux endroits où les deux espèces se côtoient. On a aussi rapporté une hybridation partielle avec le canola, Brassica napus L., lors de quelques essais sur des parcelles expérimentales ou en serre. La lutte au moyen de désherbants sélectifs s'avère particulièrement délicate dans les champs de canola et d'autres crucifères. Il s'agit de la principale dicotylédone nuisible dans le sud-ouest de l'Australie, principalement en raison de l'apparition de biotypes résistants. Ces biotypes résistent notamment aux inhibiteurs de l'acétolactate-synthase (herbicides du groupe 2) ou du photosystème II (groupe 5) ou aux deux. On a aussi identifié un biotype résistant aux deux types d'inhibiteurs précités ainsi qu'à l'auxine (2,4-D amine) et à l'inhibiteur de la phytoène désaturase. Enfin, on a repéré un biotype résistant au chlorsulfuron (inhibiteur de l'acétolactate-synthase) en Afrique du Sud.

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“…It is also noteworthy that the expression of many developmental pathways (such as flowering time, shade avoidance) depends on environmental cues, such that the expression of integration/modularity may vary by environment (Waitt and Levin, 1993;Pigliucci and Marlow, 2001;Conner et al, 2003;Brock and Weinig, 2007). For example, in Phlox drummondii, the correlation structure among traits differed with different nutrient availability (Waitt and Levin, 1993), in Raphanus raphinistrum, the correlation structure among floral traits differed between field and greenhouse environments (Conner et al, 2003), and in A. thaliana, changes in vernalization, season length and light composition affected patterns of trait correlation structure (Pigliucci and Marlow, 2001;Brock and Weinig, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Phlox drummondii, the correlation structure among traits differed with different nutrient availability (Waitt and Levin, 1993), in Raphanus raphinistrum, the correlation structure among floral traits differed between field and greenhouse environments (Conner et al, 2003), and in A. thaliana, changes in vernalization, season length and light composition affected patterns of trait correlation structure (Pigliucci and Marlow, 2001;Brock and Weinig, 2007). Also of relevance to the current study, photoperiod and temperature may have indirect effects on floral meristem development and floral organ identity genes in A. thaliana (Okamuro et al, 1993(Okamuro et al, , 1996, and such organ-specific effects may be one mechanism by which environment could influence integration/ modularity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantitative-genetic and QTL architecture of trait integration and modularity in Brassica rapa across simulated seasonal settings

Edwards

Weinig

2010

Heredity

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Within organisms, groups of traits with different functions are frequently modular, such that variation among modules is independent and variation within modules is tightly integrated, or correlated. Here, we investigated patterns of trait integration and modularity in Brassica rapa in response to three simulated seasonal temperature/photoperiod conditions. The goals of this research were to use trait correlations to understand patterns of trait integration and modularity within and among floral, vegetative and phenological traits of B. rapa in each of three treatments, to examine the QTL architecture underlying patterns of trait integration and modularity, and to quantify how variation in temperature and photoperiod affects the correlation structure and QTL architecture of traits. All floral organs of B. rapa were strongly correlated, and contrary to expectations, floral and vegetative traits were also correlated. Extensive QTL co-localization suggests that covariation of these traits is likely due to pleiotropy, although physically linked loci that independently affect individual traits cannot be ruled out. Across treatments, the structure of genotypic and QTL correlations was generally conserved. Any observed variation in genetic architecture arose from genotype Â environment interactions (GEIs) and attendant QTL Â E in response to temperature but not photoperiod.

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Expression of Additive Genetic Variances and Covariances for Wild Radish Floral Traits: Comparison Between Field and Greenhouse Environments

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

The quantitative-genetic and QTL architecture of trait integration and modularity in Brassica rapa across simulated seasonal settings

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