Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in Fractured Mouse Bone Tissue: In Situ Hybridization with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-derived Antisense DNA Probe.

Gene Expression during Fracture Healing in Normal Mouse: In Situ Hybridization on Hard Tissues for Investigation of Regenerative Mechanisms.

“…Moreover, Runx2/Cbfa1 is upregulated by BMP [9,24] and is recognized as a factor downstream of BMP [42]. Based on previous studies on BMP expression during fracture repair [13,20], we speculate that BMPs of the osteoblastic lineage might act on Runx2 expression through the autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.…”

“…The involvement of BMPs in fracture repair has been postulated [5] because of bone inducing effects. Indeed, gene expression of BMPs in fractured bone tissue has been demonstrated by others [28,33] and by our group [19,20], although the differences or the hierarchy of the roles of BMPs are still unknown.…”

“…A 290 bp cDNA fragment from the coding region of mouse BMP-2, a 303 bp cDNA from BMP-3, a 280 bp cDNA from BMP-4, a 280 bp cDNA from BMP-6, a 320 bp cDNA from osteopontin and a 280 bp cDNA from osteonectin were amplified by RT-PCR with rTth reverse transcriptase (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, CT, USA) using the pairs of primers previously described [18,20]. A 251 bp cDNA from mouse osteoclast differentiation factor (RANKL) and a 315 bp cDNA from Runx2/ Cbfa1 were amplified by RT-PCR using the following pairs of oligonucleotide primers:…”

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) in Endochondral Ossification from Grafted Periosteum

“…In the present study, we sought to demonstrate VEGF expression in grafted periosteum. Furthermore, as some investigators have reported that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is related to VEGF production in endochondral ossification [2,[7][8][9]11], we discuss here the relationship between BMP-4 and VEGF in grafted periosteum.…”

For Consistent Detection of Tissue mRNA in Human Surgical Material by Non-Radioactive In Situ Hybridization Technique.

“…To improve this inconsistency, we adopted fixation in 4% [1,5,6,15]. The fixation condition is critical for the sensitivity of mRNA detection [7].…”