Expression of cell adhesion molecules during initiation and cessation of neural crest cell migration

Abstract

Because of their distribution and known ability to promote neuronal adhesion, it has been proposed that N-CAM and N-cadherin are involved in the formation of the nervous system. Here, we examine the expression of these molecules during the initiation and cessation of trunk neural crest cell migration during the formation of the peripheral nervous system. Whereas other neural tube cells express N-cadherin, the dorsal neural tube containing neural crest precursors has little or no N-cadherin immunoreactivity. In contrast, N-CAM is expressed in the dorsal neural tube and on early migrating neural crest cells, from which it gradually disappears during migration. Both N-CAM and N-cadherin are absent from neural crest cells at advanced stages of migration. As neural crest cells cease migration and condense to form dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia, N-cadherin but not N-CAM is observed on the forming ganglia, identified by neurofilament expression and the aggregation of HNK-1 reactive cells. The results demonstrate that the absence of N-cadherin correlates with the onset of neural crest migration and its reappearance correlates with cessation of migration and precedes gangliogenesis. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Extracellular Cleavage of Cadherin-11 by ADAM Metalloproteases Is Essential forXenopusCranial Neural Crest Cell Migration

“…Among the different model organisms, both cadherin-11 and -7 are expressed in neural crest cells throughout migration (Kimura et al, 1995;Nakagawa and Takeichi, 1995;Hadeball et al, 1998;Nakagawa and Takeichi, 1998;Vallin et al, 1998). N-Cadherin and cadherin-6B are also expressed in neural crest cells but are down-regulated shortly after the onset of migration (Akitaya and Bronner-Fraser, 1992;Nakagawa and Takeichi, 1995;Inoue et al, 1997). Although N-cadherin and cadherin-6 are expressed at the beginning of migration, it is speculated that they may have an inhibitory function in this process (Coles et al, 2007;Shoval et al, 2007).…”

“…First, as described previously, cleavage of cadherin-11 occurs continuously during migration, whereas cleavage of N-cadherin is part of the global down-regulation of this protein required at the onset of migration (Akitaya and Bronner-Fraser, 1992;Shoval et al, 2007). Second, in the avian neural crest, cleavage of N-cadherin releases ␤-catenin that relocalizes to the nucleus to activate the transcription of promigratory genes such as cyclin-D1 (Shoval et al, 2007).…”

“…To date, there have been four different Cadherin molecules implicated in neural crest migration among the mouse, chick, and Xenopus models (Akitaya and Bronner-Fraser, 1992;Kimura et al, 1995;Nakagawa and Takeichi, 1995;Inoue et al, 1997;Hadeball et al, 1998;Vallin et al, 1998;Borchers et al, 2001;Coles et al, 2007). These four molecules can be divided into two groups in relation to their expression during migration.…”

Noggin blocks invasive growth of murine B16‐F1 melanoma cells in the optic cup of the chick embryo

“…As neural crest cells cease migration and condense to form dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia, NCadherin reappears in the ganglia. 45 N-Cadherin expression is regulated by the coordinated activity of BMP-4 and noggin. 23 Noggin inactivates BMP-4 induction of the wnt1/b-catenin pathway and in parallel of N-Cadherin expression.…”

Ectopic Expression of SPARC inXenopusEmbryos Interferes with Tissue Morphogenesis: Identification of a Bioactive Sequence in the C-terminal EF Hand

“…Tenascin has also been found to be associated with mesodermal cell migration during amphibian gastrulation in vivo (Riou et al 1990) and promotes neural crest cell migration in avian embryos (Akitaya and Bronner-Fraser 1992). Because both tenascin and thrombospondin inhibit cell adhesion to fibronectin substrates in vitro, these two large ECM glycoproteins might have counter-adhesive potential in vivo (Bornstein 1995;Chiquet-Ehrismann et al 1988).…”