Expression of COX‐2 is increased with age in papillary thyroid cancer

Siironen, Päivi; Ristimäki, Ari; Nordling, Stig; Louhimo, Johanna; Haapiainen, Reijo; Haglund, Caj

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01880

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We have reported that COX-2 expression is higher in tumours from older PTC patients (Siironen et al 2004), and in this same patient series, immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF-C expression showed, consistent with previous results, that VEGF-C and COX-2 expression were correlated (Byeon et al 2004, Kyzas et al 2004.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Data were evaluated in three categories separately: young, old, and all patients. VEGF-C expression was also compared with that of COX-2 in the same specimens (Siironen et al 2004). A P-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is higher in the tumours from older PTC patients and that this could explain the more aggressive behaviour of PTC in the older age group (Siironen et al 2004). COX-2 is involved in the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid and, in normal tissues, it is induced in response to a wide range of cellular signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer

Siironen¹,

Ristimäki²,

Narko³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer

Siironen¹,

Ristimäki²,

Narko³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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“…However, the influence of age on COX-2 expression remains controversial since another recent study found that COX-2 expression was increased with age in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 45 Our studies found significant upregulation of TXA 2 synthase in papillary thyroid carcinomas which implicate TXA 2 synthase in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pradono et al, 34 recently showed that TXA 2 synthase and PGI 2 synthase-transfected cancer cells had opposite stimulatory and inhibitory effects on their growth in vivo, and these effects were related to vascular density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Role of COX-2, thromboxane A2 synthase, and prostaglandin I2 synthase in papillary thyroid carcinoma growth

et al. 2005

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The development of papillary thyroid carcinoma is influenced by many factors including genetic alterations, growth factors, and physical agents such as radiation. Arachidonic acid and its derivatives including prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane along with the enzymes involved in their synthesis have been shown to influence the growth of various tumors. We analyzed the immunoreactivity for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mRNA expression levels of the enzymes COX-2, thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) synthase, and PGI 2 synthase by RT-PCR in papillary carcinomas and matching normal tissues to determine the role of these enzymes in the development of papillary thyroid carcinomas. A papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 was also studied in vitro to determine the role of the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 on COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A, since COX-2 also has a role in regulating tumor angiogenesis. RT-PCR analysis showed significant increases in TXA 2 synthase mRNA levels in papillary thyroid carcinomas compared to normal thyroid tissues. Although COX-2 mRNA levels were generally increased in papillary carcinomas, the differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in PGI 2 synthase mRNA levels. COX-2 protein expression was greater in papillary carcinoma compared to normal thyroid tissues; however, the levels were quite variable. In vitro studies with a COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, showed inhibition of tumor growth along with increased levels of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA expression. These results indicate that specific enzyme levels in the PG synthesis pathway such as TXA 2 synthase are increased in papillary thyroid carcinomas. COX-2 also has a role in papillary thyroid growth, since a specific inhibitor of COX-2 regulates papillary thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation. These results implicate several enzymes in the synthesis of prostanoids as regulators of thyroid papillary carcinoma proliferation and suggest that increased levels of expression of these enzymes may play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumors.

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“…In addition, the expression of COX-2 is associated with older age, lymph node metastasis, and advanced stage in patients with thyroid cancer (11,12). In vitro studies of thyroid cancer cell lines have shown that a selective inhibitor of COX-2, NS-398, can inhibit proliferation (13), and reduce cellular migration and invasion (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use: A Pooled Analysis of Patients Older Than 40 Years of Age

Patel

Kitahara

Park

et al. 2015

Thyroid

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Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) has been associated with tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers, including thyroid cancer. For this reason, several investigators have studied COX-2 inhibitors in preclinical models of thyroid cancer and found antineoplastic effects. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess if the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with a reduced incidence of thyroid cancer. A second aim of the study was to determine additional risk or protective factors for thyroid cancer. Methods: Three large prospective population-based studies (the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study; the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; and the U.S. Radiologic Technologists Study) were pooled to investigate the association between self-reported frequency of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use one year prior to baseline (no use, £2/week, >2-6/week, and ‡7/week) and subsequent risk of thyroid cancer. A Cox regression proportional hazard model was used to estimate aggregated hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for cohort, sex, race/ ethnicity, weight, smoking status, and alcohol intake. ) were independently associated with an increased thyroid cancer risk. Current smoking status and moderate and excessive alcohol use were also confirmed as independent risk factors associated with a reduced thyroid cancer risk. Conclusions: Neither nonaspirin NSAIDs nor aspirin use is associated with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer. Women and obesity are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas smoking and alcohol use are associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer.

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Expression of COX‐2 is increased with age in papillary thyroid cancer

Abstract: Our study shows that COX-2 expression increases with age. It is possible that the age-related increase in COX-2 expression could explain the more aggressive behaviour of PTC in the older age group compared with the young one.

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer

VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer

Role of COX-2, thromboxane A2 synthase, and prostaglandin I2 synthase in papillary thyroid carcinoma growth

Thyroid Cancer and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use: A Pooled Analysis of Patients Older Than 40 Years of Age

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