To evaluate the immune enhancement effect of the extracellular polysaccharide of
Lactobacillus plantarum
on
oprH
recombinant subunit vaccine from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, a recombinant subunit vaccine of
oprH
(rOprH vaccine) was developed. The EP-rOprH vaccine was prepared with the extracellular polysaccharide of
L. plantarum
as an adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated with the rOprH and EP-rOprH vaccines, and the outer membrane protein (OMP) and inactivated vaccines were used as controls. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2), and IL-4 were determined after vaccination. Finally, the protective efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after challenge with virulent
P. aeruginosa
. Following vaccination, the serum antibody levels were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine than in those vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (
P
<0.05). Moreover, the serum antibody levels detected in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were similar to those detected in the OMP vaccine group when
P. aeruginosa
suspension was used as the coating antigen. However, the levels in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were higher than those in the OMP vaccine and inactivated vaccine groups when the purified rOprH protein was used as the coating antigen (
P
<0.05). The level of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine was significantly higher than that in mice vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (
P
<0.05) and comparable to that in mice vaccinated with the OMP vaccine. The protective rates were 65%, 80%, 80%, and 95% with the rOprH, EP-rOprH, OMP, and inactivated vaccines, respectively. Thus, the extracellular polysaccharide of
L. plantarum
significantly enhanced the immune response and protection provided by the recombinant subunit vaccine of
oprH
.