Expression of cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinases in pouchitis: effects of probiotic treatment

Abstract

The ability of antibiotic and probiotic treatments to increase tissue levels of IL-10, at a higher level than those observed in control pouches, and to decrease, to levels present in control pouches, proinflammatory cytokine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase activity may suggest a mechanism of action to explain the efficacy of this therapeutic regime in pouchitis.

Oral probiotic administration induces interleukin-10 production and prevents spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse

“…VSL#3 contains, in addition to bifidobacteria, a combination of several species of lactobacilli, in different proportions but at very high concentrations. It has been shown that VSL#3 administration at a high dose can maintain antibiotic-induced remission in patients with pouchitis [17] by increasing local production of IL-10 [23]. Our study also suggests that the protection from autoimmune diabetes by VSL#3 oral administration is dominant and is achieved mostly through the induction of regulatory cells.…”

“…In previous studies, the administration of different lactobacilli resulted in the modulation of local and systemic immune responses in humans and animal models [19,23,45,46]. This effect is thought to be accomplished through the occurrence of several different biological events [18,[47][48][49].…”

“…Administration of probiotics in humans and animal models has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of intestinal infections and to reduce mucosal inflammation [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This effect probably results from the ability of probiotics to adhere to mucosal surfaces and inhibit the attachment of other pathogenic bacteria, to secrete factors that enhance barrier integrity, and to modulate cells of the immune system [18,[20][21][22][23][24]. Their ability to deviate tissue cytokine secretion from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory profile has been specifically described [18,19,23].…”

“…This effect probably results from the ability of probiotics to adhere to mucosal surfaces and inhibit the attachment of other pathogenic bacteria, to secrete factors that enhance barrier integrity, and to modulate cells of the immune system [18,[20][21][22][23][24]. Their ability to deviate tissue cytokine secretion from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory profile has been specifically described [18,19,23].…”

Delay of the First Onset of Pouchitis by Oral Intake of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

“…Ulisse et al 42 showed that antibiotic treatment in patients with pouchitis, although able to induce clinical remission, is not able to completely restore normal levels of the cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), and metalloproteinase enzymes activity as observed in patients without pouchitis. L. rhamnosus GG induces expression of iNOS gene and enhance the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-␣, which in turn may be responsible for the downregulation of iNOS and metalloproteinase activity.…”