Expression of defence genes in stolbur phytoplasma infected tomatoes, and effect of defence stimulators on disease development

Ahmad, Jam Nazeer; Renaudin, Joël; Eveillard, Sandrine

doi:10.1007/s10658-013-0361-x

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A more massive invasion may have occurred for L1 sink leaf because more phytoplasmas were translocated from the graft itself, or from the lower infected source leaves. In the symptomatic L1 leaf, yellowing and slight curling were associated with an upregulation of PR1a and PR2a, both markers of the SA-signaling pathway that is induced in infected tomato (Ahmad et al, 2014). The callose synthase gene, CAS7, was also upregulated, which is consistent with callose deposits and CAS7 upregulation occurring in later phases of tomato stolbur infection (De Marco et al, 2016).…”

Section: Phytoplasma Accumulation Symptoms and Triggering Of Sa-defesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The only visible symptoms in infected WT and SUT2-AS plants were beginning of yellowing, slight crookshape and reduced growth of the L1 leaf ( Fig. 2A,B,D, Table S3) and were milder than those that occur at later stages of infection (Ahmad et al, 2014). In contrast, infected SUT1-AS plants showed mild to no symptoms (Fig.…”

Section: Symptoms and Presence Of Bacteria Of The Wt And Of Sut1 And mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…AS lines showed a slower growth at the beginning of their development compared to WT, and sowing of AS plants was done 2.5 weeks earlier than WT, to obtain at grafting time a same height of the plants and number of expanded leaves (7 fully expanded). Eight and ten and a half weeks after sowing, respectively for WT and SUT1-AS and SUT2-AS lines, inoculation was performed by chip-grafting (Ahmad et al, 2014) with the strain PO of stolbur phytoplasma (STOL-PO), a strain isolated from Pyrénées Orientales in South France (Ahmad et al, 2014) and belonging to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' species (Quaglino et al, 2013) and with a scion from infected WT tomato plants. Non-infected controls were grafted with non-infected scions.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Infection By Phytoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', the phytoplasma responsible for stolbur disease belongs to the 16SrXII group (Quaglino et al, 2013). Several strains infect tomato, the PO-strain causing severe symptoms, including leaf stunting, abnormal floral buds and flowers, associated with an activation of SA-mediated defense responses (Ahmad et al, 2014). Phloem hyperplasia and callose deposits are present in symptomatic leaves (De Marco et al, 2016) and phytoplasma accumulate massively into infected SEs (Buxa et al, 2015;Musetti et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters during stolbur phytoplasma infection in tomato

Marco

Batailler

Thorpe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryPhytoplasmas inhabit phloem sieve elements and cause abnormal growth and altered sugar partitioning. But how they interact with phloem functions is not clearly known. The phloem responses were investigated in tomato infected by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, at the beginning of the symptomatic stage of infection, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves, the first symptoms appearing in the sink top leaf at the stem apex. Antisense lines impaired in the phloem sucrose transporters SUT1 and SUT2 were included. The infection in source leaves was not associated with symptoms. In the symptomatic, sink leaf, yellowing and leaf curling was associated with higher starch accumulation and expression of defense genes. The transcriptional analysis of symptomatic leaf midribs indicated that transcript levels for genes acting in the glycolysis and peroxisome metabolism in infected plants differed from these in non-infected plants. Phytoplasma multiplied actively in at least three additional lower leaves although they were symptomless, with no sign of activation of defense markers, although the rate of exudation of sucrose from these symptomless, source leaves was lower for infected plants. A few metabolites in phloem-enriched exudate were affected by the infection, such as glycolate and aspartate, and some of them were also affected in the control SUT1- and SUT2- antisense lines, in which sucrose retrieval or release in the sieve elements are impaired. A metabolic switch could explain the delivery of more glycolate into the sieve elements of infected plants. The findings suggest a link between sugar transport and redox homeostasis.One sentence summaryAn impairment of sucrose retrieval and release in the sieve elements occurs during phytoplasma infection, associated with changes in sugar and peroxisome metabolism

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Section: Phytoplasma Accumulation Symptoms and Triggering Of Sa-defesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Symptoms and Presence Of Bacteria Of The Wt And Of Sut1 And mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Plant Materials and Infection By Phytoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of the SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters during stolbur phytoplasma infection in tomato

Marco

Batailler

Thorpe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…We focused particularly on phosphonates and benzothiadiazole (BTH or acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM)), which are already known as stimulators of plant defenses [16–23]. BTH has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens in various plants [19–30], with no direct antifungal activity, thereby clearly establishing its role as an inducer that is dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) pathway [31]. According to its mode of action, BTH is classified by FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee, http://www.frac.info/) in P1 group, no reporting any resistance phenomenon until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput gene-expression quantification of grapevine defense responses in the field using microfluidic dynamic arrays

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe fight against grapevine diseases due to biotrophic pathogens usually requires the massive use of chemical fungicides with harmful environmental effects. An alternative strategy could be the use of compounds able to stimulate plant immune responses which significantly limit the development of pathogens in laboratory conditions. However, the efficiency of this strategy in natura is still insufficient to be included in pest management programs. To understand and to improve the mode of action of plant defense stimulators in the field, it is essential to develop reliable tools that describe the resistance status of the plant upon treatment.ResultsWe have developed a pioneering tool (“NeoViGen96” chip) based on a microfluidic dynamic array platform allowing the expression profiling of 85 defense-related grapevine genes in 90 cDNA preparations in a 4 h single run. Two defense inducers, benzothiadiazole (BTH) and fosetyl-aluminum (FOS), have been tested in natura using the “NeoViGen96” chip as well as their efficacy against downy mildew.BTH-induced grapevine resistance is accompanied by the induction of PR protein genes (PR1, PR2 and PR3), genes coding key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway (PAL and STS), a GST gene coding an enzyme involved in the redox status and an ACC gene involved in the ethylene pathway.FOS, a phosphonate known to possess a toxic activity against pathogens and an inducing effect on defense genes provided a better grapevine protection than BTH. Its mode of action was probably strictly due to its fungicide effect at high concentrations because treatment did not induce significant change in the expression level of selected defense-related genes.ConclusionsThe NeoViGen96” chip assesses the effectiveness of plant defense inducers on grapevine in vineyard with an excellent reproducibility. A single run with this system (4 h and 1,500 €), corresponds to 180 qPCR plates with conventional Q-PCR assays (Stragene system, 270 h and 9,000 €) thus a throughput 60–70 times higher and 6 times cheaper. Grapevine responses after BTH elicitation in the vineyard were similar to those obtained in laboratory conditions, whereas our results suggest that the protective effect of FOS against downy mildew in the vineyard was only due to its fungicide activity since no activity on plant defense genes was observed. This tool provides better understanding of how the grapevine replies to elicitation in its natural environment and how the elicitor potential can be used to reduce chemical fungicide inputs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3304-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Transcriptomic and Proteomic Studies of Phytoplasma-Infected Plants

Dermastia

Kube

Musić

2019

Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - III

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Expression of defence genes in stolbur phytoplasma infected tomatoes, and effect of defence stimulators on disease development

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Role of the SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters during stolbur phytoplasma infection in tomato

Role of the SUT1 and SUT2 sugar transporters during stolbur phytoplasma infection in tomato

High-throughput gene-expression quantification of grapevine defense responses in the field using microfluidic dynamic arrays

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Studies of Phytoplasma-Infected Plants

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