Expression of dopamine transporter at the tips of growing neurites of PC12 cells.

Kadota, Toshikazu; Yamaai, Tomoichiro; Saito, Yumiko; Akita, Yoshihiro; Kawashima, Seiichi; Moroi, Kayoko; Inagaki, Naoyuki; Kadota, Ken

doi:10.1177/44.9.8773564

Cited by 85 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To determine whether the OPPC domain at the tips has such a role, we determined the distribution of DAT. DAT is an integral membrane protein that locates on the plasma membrane at the periactive zone of synapses (27) and participates in the recovery of released dopamine from synaptic clefts to terminate postsynaptic responses (28). In PC12 cells, DAT protein (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane of Neurons by a Unique Acyl Chain Composition of Phospholipids

Kuge

Akahori

Yagyu

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:In neurons, the plasma membrane is separated into functional segments. Results: A phospholipid with a unique acyl chain composition is concentrated at the tips of neuronal projections, which is necessary for the confinement of proteins at the site. Conclusion:The neuronal plasma membrane is compartmentalized by a unique phospholipid species. Significance: This reveals a novel mode of membrane compartmentalization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane of Neurons by a Unique Acyl Chain Composition of Phospholipids

Kuge

Akahori

Yagyu

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…PC12 cells upon the nerve growth factor stimulation not only display abundant neuritic growth but also adopt a neurochemical dopaminergic phenotype (Kadota et al, 1996). Formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition causes a release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequent activation of caspase-3 that is involved in apoptotic cell death (Mignotte and Vayssière, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizin on 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Cell Death in Differentiated PC12 Cells

Yim¹,

Park²,

Lee³

2007

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Defects in mitochondrial function have been shown to participate in the induction of neuronal cell injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the preventive effect of licorice compounds glycyrrhizin and 18␤-glycyrrhetinic acid against the toxicity of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP ϩ ) in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and role of oxidative stress. MPP ϩ induced the nuclear damage, the changes in the mitochondrial membrane permeability, leading to the cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and the depletion of glutathione (GSH) in differentiated PC12 cells. Glycyrrhizin up to 100 M significantly attenuated cell death and depletion of GSH due to MPP ϩ concentration-dependently. Meanwhile, 18␤-glycyrrhetinic acid showed a maximal inhibitory effect at 10 M; beyond this concentration, the inhibitory effect declined. The protective effect of licorice compounds was also detected in the rotenone-treated PC12 cells. Glycyrrhizin and 18␤-glycyrrhetinic acid prevented the MPP ϩ -induced formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition. The results show that both glycyrrhizin and a metabolite, 18␤-glycyrrhetinic acid, exhibit a depressant effect against the MPP ϩ toxicity. Glycyrrhizin and 18␤-glycyrrhetinic acid may prevent the cytotoxicity of MPP ϩ by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation. The preventive effect seems to be ascribed to the inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress have been shown to be implicated in dopaminergic cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease (Jenner, 2003). In this disease, the major mitochondrial defect seems to be associated with complex I at the electron transport chain. Impairment of complex I activity leads to excess ROS formation, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death (Fleury et al., 2002;Jenner, 2003). Implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease is supported by the decrease in GSH content, increase in levels of lipid peroxidation products, increased production of ROS, and increase in iron content in substantia nigra (Olanow and Tatton, 1999).MPTP produces an irreversible and severe parkinsonianlike syndrome in human and nonhuman primates (Przedborski and Jackson- Lewis, 1998;Przedborski et al., 2000). The inhibition of complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain induced by MPP ϩ , the active metabolite of MPTP, results in impaired ATP production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and formation of ROS (Cassarino et al., 1997;Schulz et al., 1997). The membrane permeability transition of mitochondria is known as a central event in the course of toxic and oxidative forms of cell injury, as well as apoptosis (Mignotte and Vayssière, 1998). Along with respiratory chain inhibition, MPP ϩ -induced neuronal cell death is suggested to be mediated by formation of the mitocho...

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“…34) It is well known that cancer cells occasionally express the phenotype of their original tissues and organs, and if tumors originating from adrenal glands possess an ascorbate transporter with a substrate specificity similar to that in adrenal glands, we thought that radioiodinated 6-IAsA might be a useful agent to help either diagnosis or as a means of targeting radiotherapy for adrenal tumors. For this purpose, we examined the potential of tumor imaging of IAsA in female nude mice implanted with either Y-1 adrenocortical tumor cells or adrenal medulla-derived 57) As shown in Tables 4 and 5, in both tumor models, IAsAs displayed rapid blood clearance; 1.23Ϯ0.59 and 0.63Ϯ0.01% ID/g blood uptake was observed 60 min after injection, for Y-1 cells and PC12 tumor-bearing mice, respectively. The tumor uptake values were 8.98Ϯ4.69 and 3.71Ϯ0.34% ID/g in Y-1 cells and PC12 60 min after injection, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

6-Deoxy-6-[131I]iodo-L-ascorbic Acid for the in Vivo Study of Ascorbate: Autoradiography, Biodistribution in Normal and Hypolipidemic Rats, and in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice

Kim

Yamamoto

Gondo

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Over the past few decades, a number of radiopharmaceuticals for noninvasive imaging of the adrenal glands by the nuclear imaging technique have been evolved, designed by targeting specific metabolic or synthetic processes within the gland.1,2) Among the current developments and the expansion of new molecular imaging modalities and specific probes, adrenal scintigraphy using more specific radiotracers to obtain functional information for tissue characterization is still challenging. 3,4)The adrenal gland is among the organs with the highest concentration of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in the body and is particularly sensitive to deficiencies of AsA.5) It is well known that AsA is an important cofactor required both in catecholamine biosynthesis and in adrenal steroidogenesis, and that it functions as a water-soluble antioxidant in the adrenal gland. [5][6][7][8][9] The cellular uptake of AsA and its distribution in cells are important factors that determine its inherent activity. Studies of tissue distribution of radioactivity in animals after injection of 14 C-labeled AsA ( 14 C-AsA) were reported in the 1960s, showing a remarkable uptake of radioactivity in the adrenal glands, pituitary glands and parotid glands.10-12) Diagnostic application of AsA as a radiotracer for imaging the adrenals, however, remains to be limited by relatively high accumulations of 14 C-AsA in the liver and kidneys. 13)Recent biochemical studies have demonstrated that AsA is taken up into cells by the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT-1 and -2), whereas oxidized vitamin C (dehydroascorbic acid) is transported via glucose transporters. [14][15][16][17][18][19] SVCT-1 is expressed in epithelial organs such as the liver and kidneys, whereas SVCT-2 is found in the adrenal glands and lungs. [14][15][16][17][18][19] In particular, SVCT-2 is primarily responsible for the uptake of AsA from blood circulation into the adrenal cells. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The adrenals have been shown to have the largest falls in the AsA levels in mice with a deficiency of 20) and the influence of the depletion of tissue AsA on tissue catecholamines was found to be most prominent in the adrenals. 21,22) In addition, it has recently been shown that overexpression of adrenal SVCT-2 mRNA in diabetic mice resulted in increased uptake of AsA. 23) Thus, it is most likely that the AsA transport mechanism plays an important role in the pathologic processes of the adrenals. 24) We became interested in the possibility that appropriate structural AsA analogs with specific transport characteristics, if possessing favorable in vivo distribution properties, might be used as tracer agents for the visualization of biochemical events associated with the action of AsA in the adrenal glands. Several AsA analogs labeled with 18 F, 131 I, 125 I, or 99m Tc were prepared and their potential imaging characteristics were evaluated in animals. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] 6-Deoxy-6-iodo-L-ascorbic acid (6-IAsA) has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of AsA transport, with tran...

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Expression of dopamine transporter at the tips of growing neurites of PC12 cells.

Cited by 85 publications

References 4 publications

Functional Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane of Neurons by a Unique Acyl Chain Composition of Phospholipids

Functional Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane of Neurons by a Unique Acyl Chain Composition of Phospholipids

Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizin on 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Cell Death in Differentiated PC12 Cells

6-Deoxy-6-[<sup>131</sup>I]iodo-<small>L</small>-ascorbic Acid for the <i>in Vivo</i> Study of Ascorbate: Autoradiography, Biodistribution in Normal and Hypolipidemic Rats, and in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice

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