Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates

Patel, Nipam H.; Martı́n-Blanco, Enrique; Coleman, Kevin; Poole, Stephen J.; Ellis, Michael C.; Kornberg, Thomas B.; Goodman, Corey S.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90947-1

Cited by 986 publications

(469 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Primary antibodies used were: 4D9, mouse anti-En/Inv antibody at a 1:5 dilution (Patel et al 1989); rabbit anti-GAGA factor antiserum (1:5000; Tsukiyama et al 1994;Raff et al 1994); mouse and rabbit anti-LacZ antibodies were purchased from Promega and Cappel, respectively. LacZ positive cells were counted using high-magni®cation confocal images.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of engrailed promoter elements essential for interactions with a stripe enhancer in Drosophila embryos

et al. 1999

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Section: Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of engrailed promoter elements essential for interactions with a stripe enhancer in Drosophila embryos

et al. 1999

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“…The mAbs zn-5 (Hatta et al, 1991a;Trevarrow et al, 1990;Fashena, 1996) and 4D9 (Patel et al, 1989;Hatta et al, 1991a) recognize, respectively, cell surface and nuclear antigens expressed by muscle pioneers, and znp-1 (Melançon, 1994) and zn-1 (Eisen et al, 1989) recognize the cell bodies and axons of primary motoneurons; these are the only motoneurons extending beyond the common pathway at 24 h (Pike et al, 1992). The mAb F59 (Ig G1) (Crow and Stockdale, 1986) was used to detect all slow muscle cells (Devoto et al, 1996b), including muscle pioneers, on transverse sections following procedures described in Devoto et al (1996b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistr y. Whole-mount embryos were processed for immunoreactivity using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) zn-5, znp-1, zn-1 (Trevarrow et al, 1990), or 4D9 (Patel et al, 1989) following procedures described in Eisen et al (1989). The mAbs zn-5 (Hatta et al, 1991a;Trevarrow et al, 1990;Fashena, 1996) and 4D9 (Patel et al, 1989;Hatta et al, 1991a) recognize, respectively, cell surface and nuclear antigens expressed by muscle pioneers, and znp-1 (Melançon, 1994) and zn-1 (Eisen et al, 1989) recognize the cell bodies and axons of primary motoneurons; these are the only motoneurons extending beyond the common pathway at 24 h (Pike et al, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathfinding by Identified Zebrafish Motoneurons in the Absence of Muscle Pioneers

et al. 1997

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To identify the cellular cues that guide zebrafish neuronal growth cones to their targets, we examined interactions between identified motor growth cones and identified muscle fibers and tested whether these fibers were required for growth cone navigation. Caudal primary motoneurons (CaPs) and middle primary motoneurons (MiPs) are identified motoneurons that innervate cell-specific regions of the myotome. Growth cones of both cells initially extend along a common pathway and then pause at a set of identified muscle fibers, called muscle pioneers, before diverging along cell-specific pathways. Muscle pioneers are intermediate targets of both CaP and MiP Liu and Westerfield, 1990); both motoneurons extend their growth cones directly to the muscle pioneers on which the first functional neuromuscular contacts form, suggesting that muscle pioneers may provide guidance information to these growth cones. We tested this idea by ablating muscle pioneers and observing the resulting motor axonal trajectories. Both CaP and MiP ultimately formed normal axonal arbors after muscle pioneer ablation, showing that muscle pioneers are unnecessary for formation of correct axonal trajectories; however, although final cellular morphology was correct in the absence of muscle pioneers, MiP growth cones branched abnormally or extended ventrally beyond the common pathway. Ablation of CaP and the muscle pioneers together increased the aberrant behavior of the MiP growth cone. Our results provide evidence that an intermediate target, the muscle pioneers, affects motor axonal extension without altering target choice, suggesting that other cues also contribute to proper pathway navigation. Key words: acetylcholine receptors; neuromuscular junctions; axogenesis; zebrafish motoneurons; muscle pioneers; pathway navigationThe environment through which growth cones navigate contains cues that regulate neuronal pathfinding (Frank and Wenner, 1993;Goodman and Shatz, 1993;Keynes and Cook, 1995). En route to their synaptic targets, neurons may project axons to intermediate targets that influence subsequent pathway choice . For example, some grasshopper pioneer neurons project to guidepost cells (Bentley and Keshishian, 1982) that are required for normal pathfinding (Bentley and Caudy, 1983). Chick hindlimb motoneurons (Lance-Jones and Landmesser, 1981; Tosney and Landmesser, 1985a,b;Landmesser, 1992) and spinal commissural neurons (Bovolenta and Dodd, 1991) also project to specific intermediate targets, which appear to influence extension. These results suggest that intermediate targets serve as choice points for pathway selection.We examined the role of potential intermediate targets in the pathway choices of zebrafish primary motoneurons. We focused on the first two primary motoneurons to extend growth cones out of the spinal cord: C aP and MiP (see Fig. 1) Myers et al., 1986). The C aP growth cone pioneers a common pathway to the nascent horizontal myoseptum, where it pauses before selecting its cell-specific pathway along ventral myotome Myers e...

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“…For anti-Myc (Xu and Rubin, 1993), anti-β-galactosidase (Promega) and anti-Engrailed (Patel et al, 1989) staining, dissected imaginal discs or prepupal legs were treated as described (Carroll and Whyte, 1989). All images were collected on a Zeiss Axiovert 200 M equipped with a digital camera.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry and Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing inputs by Hedgehog and Brinker define a stripe ofhairyexpression in theDrosophilaleg imaginal disc

et al. 2004

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Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates

Cited by 986 publications

References 43 publications

Identification of engrailed promoter elements essential for interactions with a stripe enhancer in Drosophila embryos

Identification of engrailed promoter elements essential for interactions with a stripe enhancer in Drosophila embryos

Pathfinding by Identified Zebrafish Motoneurons in the Absence of Muscle Pioneers

Opposing inputs by Hedgehog and Brinker define a stripe ofhairyexpression in theDrosophilaleg imaginal disc

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