Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in goldfish optic nerve following injury

Stafford, Carole A.; Shehab, Safa; Nona, Sam; Cronly-Dillon, J

doi:10.1002/glia.440030106

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Anders and Johnson (1990) GFAP immunoreactivity in the piriform cortex returned to control levels. Similarly, Stafford et al (1990) reported the appearance of GFAP+ processes in goldfish optic nerve following nerve crush. No GFAP labeling was found after the nerve had regenerated.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Glial Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rapid and reversible astrocytic reaction to afferent activity blockade in chick cochlear nucleus

Canady

Rubel

1992

J. Neurosci.

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We describe here rapid proliferation of astrocytic processes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the chick cochlear nucleus following blockade of action potentials in the afferent nerve. Unilateral eighth nerve activity blockade was achieved through intralabyrinthine injection of TTX. Within 1 hr of activity blockade, a 56% increase in area density of GFAP-immunoreactive processes was found in the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus as compared to the contralateral side of the brain. This increase reached 152% by 3 hr. When eighth nerve activity was allowed to recover and animals were studied 1 week after TTX injection, no difference was found in GFAP immunoreactivity between the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear nuclei. This is the first report of a glial reaction to documented neuronal inactivity in the absence of neuropathology.These results indicate that neuronal activity may regulate the structure of astrocytic processes.

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Section: Comparison To Other Glial Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rapid and reversible astrocytic reaction to afferent activity blockade in chick cochlear nucleus

Canady

Rubel

1992

J. Neurosci.

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“…Duffy et al 1992;McClellan 1992;Nona and Stafford 1995;Benraiss et al 1997) following numerous types of injury (e.g. Simpson 1964; Anderson and Waxman 1981;Stafford et al 1990). The regenerated neural tissue has been reported to be enclosed by meningeal tissue, in the goldfish, Carassius (Bernstein and Bernstein 1967), the frog, Xenopus (Michel and Reier 1979) and the lizard, Anolis (Simpson 1983), but little is known of the role of these meningeal cells in the regenerative process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The meningeal sheath of the regenerating spinal cord of the eel, Anguilla

Dervan

Roberts

2003

Anatomy and Embryology

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We describe here the meningeal sheath that encloses the spinal cord, and the sheath that develops when the cord regenerates after a total transection. This description is derived from electron and light microscopy. The sheath of the uninjured cord was found to be a single structure of two parts: an outer, thin melanocyte layer and an inner, thicker layer of 2 to 10 rows of fibroblasts, closely associated with collagen and elastic fibers. Soon after cord transection, the injured axons re-grow and, together with the reforming central canal, create a bridge that links the transected cord within 8 days of injury. This bridge is covered at first by a rudimentary meningeal sheath, formed of fibroblasts and macrophages, that later progressively thickens and becomes more compact. By about day 20, the fibroblasts are arranged as 16 to 20 loose rows that include bundles of collagen, oriented along the rostro-caudal axis of the cord. Even after 144 days, the meninx, although substantially thicker than normal because of the numerous fibroblast rows (20 to 30), still lacks the melanocyte layer. In cases in which the meninx at the transection site was mechanically and pharmacologically (6-hydroxydopamine) disrupted, bridge formation was essentially unchanged, and axonal regrowth continued; some regrowing axons, however, extruded from the denuded cord. Accordingly, our findings indicate that although the meningeal sheath is not essential for cord regeneration to take place, it may well facilitate recovery by providing mechanical guidance and support to the regrowing axons.

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“…Such impediments for axonal regeneration are apparently absent from the fish optic nerve, where astrocytic scars do not develop (Wolburg and Kastner, 1984;Stafford et al, 1990). Biochemical analysis showed that fish oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin lack the proteins that inhibit axon growth in mammals .…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth cones of regenerating retinal axons contact a variety of cellular profiles in the transected goldfish optic nerve

Strobel

Stuermer

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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Following optic nerve transection in goldfish, retinal axons regenerate. To determine what the growth cones use as a substrate for their growth, regenerating growth cones were labeled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) application to the retina 5-6 days after intraorbital optic nerve section (ONS) and identified at 10-11 days after ONS in the brain sided (distal) portion of the optic nerve in thick and serial ultrathin sections. Leading growth cones (n = 5) were found in intimate contact with a variety of elements: with myelin fragments alone, with myelin fragments and glial cells, and with the basal lamina of the glia limitans and the surface of a fibroblast outside the boundary of previous fascicles.In ultrathin sections of conventionally treated regenerating optic nerves, (unlabeled) axon profiles-in addition to myelin fragments-were seen to be in contact with an astrocyte and an oligodendrocyte, suggesting that the growth cones of these axons may have been associated with those cells. The data suggest that leading growth cones of regenerating axons may be capable of growing along myelin fragments and on a wide variety of cellular surfaces in the goldfish optic nerve.

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Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in goldfish optic nerve following injury

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

Rapid and reversible astrocytic reaction to afferent activity blockade in chick cochlear nucleus

Rapid and reversible astrocytic reaction to afferent activity blockade in chick cochlear nucleus

The meningeal sheath of the regenerating spinal cord of the eel, Anguilla

Growth cones of regenerating retinal axons contact a variety of cellular profiles in the transected goldfish optic nerve

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