Expression of growth hormone-releasing factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins in human lung

Allen, J. T.; Bloor, Claire; Kedia, Ravindra K.; Knight, Richard; Spiteri, Monica A.

doi:10.1054/npep.2000.0802

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…GH gene expression has been demonstrated previously in adult human lungs (Allen et al, 2000), although this expression was only in isolated activated alveolar macrophages and was only characterized by RT-PCR. The present study is, therefore, the first to localize GH mRNA within lung epithelia, smooth muscle, mesenchyme, and type I and II cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The widespread presence of GH in the ED17 lung, thus, is unlikely to be of pituitary origin, especially as the circulating GH concentration is not detectable at this age (Strosser and Miahle, 1975). The abundance and localization of GH immunoreactivity in the mesenchymal, epithelial, and smooth muscle cells of the fetal lung is also unlikely to reflect its sequestration from GH-producing macrophages or monocytes in the alveoli or airways of the developing lung (Allen et al, 2000). Although GH can pass from bronchial airways into the lung interstitium and retain its biological activity (Patton et al, 1989), the GH immunoreactivity in the interstitial cells of the perinatal and neonatal lung is far more abundant than in the cells of the bronchial associated lymphoid tissue inside the airway lumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) (Shibasaki et al, 1984;Allen et al, 2000) and ghrelin (Gnanapavan et al, 2002;Volante et al, 2002) in the lung may indicate the involvement of these GH secretagogues in the expression of the lung GH gene, as in the pituitary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas roles for lung GH in lung development are currently unknown, it may participate in its vascularization, as GH stimulates angiogenesis in other tissues (Struman et al, 1999;Corbacho et al, 2002). It may also participate in cellular differentiation (Sanders and Harvey, 2004) or regulate immune function within the lung (Batchelor et al, 1998;Waters et al, 1999;Allen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of GH, GHR, and a GH-specific response gene (GH response gene-1) in the lungs of early chick embryos (Harvey et al, 2000(Harvey et al, , 2001 supports this possibility, although the presence of GH in extrapituitary organs of the mammalian fetus is poorly documented. GH, however, may act as a local growth or differentiation factor in the mammalian lung, because GH mRNA, detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), is present in the alveolar macrophages of adults (Allen et al, 2000) and trace amounts of GH immunoreactivity are present in whole lung extracts of fetal and adult lungs (Kyle et al, 1981;Costa et al, 1993). The possibility that GH production occurs in the rat lung during perinatal and neonatal periods of lung development, therefore, has been determined in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone expression in the perinatal and postnatal rat lung

Beyea

Olson

Harvey

2005

Developmental Dynamics

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It is now established that the lung is a target site for pituitary growth hormone (GH) action, because pathophysiological states of pituitary GH excess and deficiency are associated with impaired pulmonary function. The onset of lung development and differentiation is, however, before the ontogenic differentiation of pituitary somatotrophs. GH may be involved, nevertheless, in lung development, because it is present in extrapituitary tissues of preimplantation mouse embryos and in the lung buds of embryonic chickens. The possibility that GH may be expressed in the rat lung during fetal and neonatal development, therefore, has been assessed. GH mRNA was detected in the lung, and its 693-bp sequence was identical to that in the pituitary gland. By in situ hybridization, this transcript was found to be abundantly expressed in the lungs of embryonic day (ED) 17 rats in mesenchymal, mucosal epithelial, and smooth muscle cells. This transcript was expressed in neonates until at least day 14 postnatally and was localized to type I and II epithelial cells and to pulmonary tissue macrophages and alveolar macrophages. GH immunoreactivity paralleled GH mRNA cellular localization throughout the time course studied. This immunoreactivity was specific and was lost after antibody preabsorption. The perinatal and postnatal lung is, therefore, an extrapituitary site of GH gene expression during development. Given that the GH receptor is present in the lung from early development, lung GH may have autocrine and/or paracrine roles in lung growth or differentiation or in pulmonary function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Growth hormone expression in the perinatal and postnatal rat lung

Beyea

Olson

Harvey

2005

Developmental Dynamics

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Down‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 (IGFBP‐5): Novel marker for cervical carcinogenesis

Miyatake

Ueda

Nakashima

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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To better understand the underlying pathways of cervical carcinogenesis, cDNA microarray analysis was performed on 2 sets of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and their adjacent normal squamous epitheliums. Consistently altered expression was detected for 32 genes. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was conducted on a selected subset of these genes (S100A2, GPC4, p72, IGFBP-5, TRIM2 and NAB2) for 14 additional SCCs and 10 normal epithelia. This found that, of the 6 candidate genes, only the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA was generally and significantly under-expressed in SCCs (p < 0.001). All normal cervical epithelia (30 of 30) stained positively for IGFBP-5 protein, with 70% showing strong staining, whereas 65% (17/26) of SCC had complete loss of IGFBP-5, and only 8% (2/26) SCC retained strong expression (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of premalignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions shows a significantly weaker or negative staining in advanced CIN3 lesions compared with normal squamous epithelia (p 5 0.001). This is the first study to show that down-regulation of IGFBP-5 protein correlates with cervical carcinogenesis and does so at a preneoplastic stage. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); human papillomavirus (HPV); insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5); cDNA microarray; real-time RT-PCR; immunohistochemistry Uterine cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide, 1 with an estimated 470,000 new cases per year 2 and mortality rate which ranks third worldwide, with the highest rates occurring in developing countries.3 Squamous cell carcinomas account for the majority of cervical cancers, followed by adenocarcinomas which comprise 10-18% of cases, and the remainder of tumors consists of a few rare types. 4,5 The squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are mainly caused by infection with one of the high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV), exemplified by the HPV-16 and -18 strains; so called highrisk because of their consistent detection in high-grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and carcinomas.6,7 The E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins of high-risk HPV play critical roles in initiating cervical carcinogenesis by binding to and degrading or inactivating the cellular tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb.8-13 These viral-oncogenic properties have provided the general basis for the extensive investigations of the role of HPV in carcinogenesis of the HPV-infected cervix, demonstrating how they subvert key cell cycle and regulatory processes to transform and immortalize the host cell. 14,15 It follows that alterations of protein and mRNA expressions in cervical cancer have been investigated specific to the HPV infection; however, the more global profile of gene expression variation between cervical cancer and normal squamous epithelium is still largely unknown. The exploration of cancer-specific up-and down-regulation of genes based on expression ...

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Expression of growth hormone and its receptor in the lungs of embryonic chicks

et al. 2005

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The lung is well established as being a postnatal target site for growth hormone (GH) action, since pathophysiological states of GH excess and deficiency are both associated with impaired pulmonary function. Pituitary GH is therefore probably involved in normal lung growth or development, although perinatal lung development occurs prior to the differentiation of pituitary somatotrophs and the ontogeny of pituitary GH secretion. The lung itself may, however, be a site of GH production during prenatal development, since a specific GH-response gene (a marker of GH activity) is expressed in the lungs of early chick embryos, in which GH immunoreactivity is widespread in many other peripheral tissues. We have assessed this possibility in embryonic chicks. A 690-bp cDNA, identical in size and nucleotide sequence to the full-length pituitary GH transcript, was amplified by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction from total RNA extracted from the lungs of embryos at 11, 13, 15, and 18 days of the 21-day incubation period. This transcript was localized by in situ hybridization to mesenchymal and epithelial cells of the developing lungs, in which specific GH immunoreactivity was similarly located. Intense GH immunoreactivity was also present after embryonic day 15 (ED15) in the smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels in the lung and surrounding the bronchioles. Lung GH immunoreactivity was primarily associated with a 15-kDa protein, rather than the 26-kDa protein in the pituitary gland. After the onset of pituitary GH secretion (at ED17), GH mRNA was barely detectable in the lungs of ED20 embryos, at the start of lung breathing. GH immunoreactivity was, however, still present in some cells in the lungs of ED20 embryos. GH-receptor mRNA and immunoreactivity were also widespread and abundant within the embryonic lung. Lung GH may thus have autocrine or paracrine roles in lung development or in pulmonary function prior to the ontogeny of the pituitary gland and the appearance of GH in peripheral plasma.

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Expression of growth hormone-releasing factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins in human lung

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Growth hormone expression in the perinatal and postnatal rat lung

Growth hormone expression in the perinatal and postnatal rat lung

Down‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 (IGFBP‐5): Novel marker for cervical carcinogenesis

Expression of growth hormone and its receptor in the lungs of embryonic chicks

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