Expression of human augmenter of liver regeneration in pichia pastoris yeast and its bioactivity in vitro

Abstract

AIM:To construct a yeast expression system of human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) and to examine its bioactivity in vitro.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Attenuates Tubular Cell Apoptosis in Acute Kidney Injury in Rats: The Possible Mechanisms

“…[27][28][29][30][31] ALR belongs to a novel group of the so-called cytozymes on account of its action as a growth factor and a sulfhydryl oxidase, which binds FAD containing a redoxactive CxxC disulfide proximal to a flavin ring. 32 Previous studies have shown that ALR activates the ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways.…”

“…Rats were injected intraperitoneally with rhALR1 (100 μg/kg), rhALR2 (200 μg/kg), or vehicle (saline) at the end of ischemia and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h after reperfusion. Equal volumes of vehicle and rhALR (Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, which we described previously) 30 were injected with respect to body weight, and they were administered at the same time points. Rats were killed at 24 and 72 h after reperfusion (eight rats per group for each time point).…”

Expression of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration in Rats with Gentamicin-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Its Protective Effect on Kidney

“…Supernatant of expression products of empty plasmid, rrALR, and rabbit anti-rat ALR polyclonal antibody have been described by us previously. [9] The mouse monoclonal antibody against rat proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). Horse radish peroxidase (HRP)-tagged goat anti-rabbit IgG was from Santa Cruz Co. (Santa Cruz, California, USA).…”

Genetic Recombinant Expression and Characterization of Human Augmenter of Liver Regeneration

“…ALR appears to be constitutively expressed in hepatocytes in an inactive form and released from the cells in an active form in response to partial hepatectomy and under other circumstances of liver maturation (as in weanling rats) or regeneration [2]. Previous study supports that recombinant ALR has the ability to stimulate DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cells in vitro [15,16]. Recombinant ALR plasmid DNA injection was helpful in relieving acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure by promoting hepatic cell proliferation and reducing the level of AST and ALT in CCl 4 -intoxicated rats [17].…”

“…The administration of IFNc in 70% hepatectomized rats is followed by a significant reduction both of the mitochondrial transcription factor A expression and of liver regeneration, indicating ALR as a growth factor and as an immunoregulator by controlling, through IFNc levels, the mitochondrial transcription factor A expression and the lytic activity of liver-resident NK cells [8,9,18,19]. Though ALR was first identified and cloned by Hagiya et al in 1994 [10], and since then more and more studies have focused on the distribution [3,4], functional identification [5,8,9], crystal structure analysis [6], as well as recombinant expression as mentioned above [12,[15][16][17], the low expression efficiency, incomplete characterization of recombinant human ALR (rhALR), and the extraordinary effect of rhALR on liver regeneration motivated us to establish a high effective expression system and then perform a serial of identification and functional studies so as to provide a solid basis for future clinical application of rhALR.…”