Expression of
            <i>STM4467</i>
            -Encoded Arginine Deiminase Controlled by the
            <i>STM4463</i>
            Regulator Contributes to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

Choi, Younho; Choi, Jinmi; Groisman, Eduardo A.; Kang, Dong‐Hyun; Shin, Dongwoo; Ryu, Sangryeol

doi:10.1128/iai.00880-12

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Infection assays were performed as described previously [31,32]. J774 macrophages were seeded to 24-well tissue culture plates at 4 × 10 5 cells per well and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO 2 for 24 h before infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine deiminase pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in Laribacter hongkongensis: a possible result of arc gene cassette duplication

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLaribacter hongkongensis is a Gram-negative, urease-positive bacillus associated with invasive bacteremic infections in liver cirrhosis patients and fish-borne community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler’s diarrhea. Its mechanisms of adaptation to various environmental niches and host defense evasion are largely unknown. During the process of analyzing the L. hongkongensis genome, a complete urease cassette and two adjacent arc gene cassettes were found. We hypothesize that the urease cassette and/or the arc gene cassettes are important for L. hongkongensis to survive in acidic environment and macrophages. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by constructing single, double and triple non-polar deletion mutants of the urease and two arc gene cassettes of L. hongkongensis using the conjugation-mediated gene deletion system and examining their effects in acidic environment in vitro, in macrophages and in a mouse model.ResultsHLHK9∆ureA, HLHK9∆ureC, HLHK9∆ureD and HLHK9∆ureE all exhibited no urease activity. HLHK9∆arcA1 and HLHK9∆arcA2 both exhibited arginine deiminase (ADI) activities, but HLHK9∆arcA1/arcA2 double deletion mutant exhibited no ADI activity. At pH 2 and 3, survival of HLHK9∆arcA1/arcA2 and HLHK9∆ureA/arcA1/arcA2 were markedly decreased (p < 0.001) but that of HLHK9∆ureA was slightly decreased (p < 0.05), compared to wild type L. hongkongensis HLHK9. Survival of HLHK9∆ureA/arcA1/arcA2 and HLHK9∆arcA1/arcA2 in macrophages were also markedly decreased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively) but that of HLHK9∆ureA was slightly decreased (p < 0.05), compared to HLHK9, although expression of arcA1, arcA2 and ureA genes were all upregulated. Using a mouse model, HLHK9∆ureA exhibited similar survival compared to HLHK9 after passing through the murine stomach, but survival of HLHK9∆arcA1/arcA2 and HLHK9∆ureA/arcA1/arcA2 were markedly reduced (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn contrast to other important gastrointestinal tract pathogens, ADI pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in L. hongkongensis. The gene duplication of the arc gene cassettes could be a result of their functional importance in L. hongkongensis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine deiminase pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in Laribacter hongkongensis: a possible result of arc gene cassette duplication

et al. 2014

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“…Interestingly, under prolonged acidified-NaNO 2 stress, the upregulated amino acid decarboxylase systems were those for ornithine (speF-potE) and arginine (adi, yjdE). The transcription of STM14_5358, STM14_ 5360, and STM14_5361, which have recently been shown to encode a functional arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway in S. Typhimurium (44), was also increased; these genes belong to the amino acid transport and metabolism category. The largest group of upregulated genes comprises iron uptake and transport genes, mainly in the functional categories of inorganic-ion transport and metabolism and secondary-metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism.…”

Section: Shock and Adaptive Responses Of S Typhimurium To Acidified mentioning

confidence: 95%

Stress Response of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Acidified Nitrite

Mühlig

Behr

Scherer

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The antimicrobial action of the curing agent sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ), which is added as a preservative to raw meat products, depends on its conversion to nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen species under acidic conditions. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the acidified-NaNO 2 shock and adaptive responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a frequent contaminant in raw meat, considering parameters relevant for the production of raw-cured sausages. Upon a 10-min exposure to 150 mg/liter NaNO 2 in LB (pH 5.5) acidified with lactic acid, genes involved in nitrosative-stress protection, together with several other stress-related genes, were induced. In contrast, genes involved in translation, transcription, replication, and motility were downregulated. The induction of stress tolerance and the reduction of cell proliferation obviously promote survival under harsh acidified-NaNO 2 stress. The subsequent adaptive response was characterized by upregulation of NsrR-regulated genes and iron uptake systems and by downregulation of genes involved in anaerobic respiratory pathways. Strikingly, amino acid decarboxylase systems, which contribute to acid tolerance, displayed increased transcript levels in response to acidified NaNO 2 . The induction of systems known to be involved in acid resistance indicates a nitrite-mediated increase in the level of acid stress. Deletion of cadA, which encodes lysine decarboxylase, resulted in increased sensitivity to acidified NaNO 2 . Intracellular pH measurements using a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant showed that the cytoplasmic pH of S. Typhimurium in LB medium (pH 5.5) is decreased upon the addition of NaNO 2 . This study provides the first evidence that intracellular acidification is an additional antibacterial mode of action of acidified NaNO 2 .

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“…Both processes could deprive host cells of a precursor for generating antimicrobial nitric oxide, but Salmonella subsets experience substantial nitric oxide levels during infection (Burton et al, ) suggesting sufficient arginine availability. Moreover, Salmonella arginine deiminase contributes to in vivo fitness without affecting host nitric oxide production (Choi et al, ), and arginine seems to serve as Salmonella carbon/nitrogen source (Steeb et al, ). Salmonella also induces host tryptophan catabolites with immunomodulatory properties in the bloodstream of humans and mice (Blohmke et al, ).…”

Section: Metabolic Patterns Of Intracellular Salmonella In In Vitro Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

IntracellularSalmonellametabolism

Bumann

Schothorst

2017

Cellular Microbiology

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Growth of Salmonella inside infected host cells is a key aspect of their ability to cause local enteritis or systemic disease. This growth depends on exploitation of host nutrients through a large Salmonella metabolism network with hundreds of metabolites and enzymes. Studies in cell culture infection models are unravelling more and more of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms but also show striking Salmonella metabolic plasticity depending on host cell line and experimental conditions. In vivo studies have revealed a qualitatively diverse, but quantitatively poor, host-Salmonella nutritional interface, which on one side makes Salmonella fitness largely resilient against metabolic perturbations, but on the other side severely limits Salmonella biomass generation and growth rates. This review discusses goals and techniques for studying Salmonella intracellular metabolism, summarises main results and implications, and proposes key issues that could be addressed in future studies.

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Expression of STM4467 -Encoded Arginine Deiminase Controlled by the STM4463 Regulator Contributes to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Arginine deiminase pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in Laribacter hongkongensis: a possible result of arc gene cassette duplication

Arginine deiminase pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in Laribacter hongkongensis: a possible result of arc gene cassette duplication

Stress Response of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Acidified Nitrite

IntracellularSalmonellametabolism

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