The contribution of zinc-mediated neuronal death in the process of both acute and chronic neurodegeneration has been increasingly appreciated. Phosphatase and tensin homologue, deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), the major tumor suppressor and key regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, plays a critical role in neuronal death in response to various insults. NEDD4-1-mediated PTEN ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the ubiquitin proteosomal system have recently been demonstrated to be the important regulatory mechanism for PTEN in several cancer types. We now demonstrate that PTEN is also the key mediator of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the neuronal response to zinc insult. We used primary cortical neurons and neuroblastoma N2a cells to show that zinc treatment results in a reduction of the PTEN protein level in parallel with increased NEDD4-1 gene/protein expression. The reduced PTEN level is associated with an activated PI3K pathway as determined by elevated phosphorylation of both Akt and GSK-3 as well as by the attenuating effect of a specific PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin). The reduction of PTEN can be attributed to increased protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteosomal system, as we show NEDD4-1 to be the major E3 ligase responsible for PTEN ubiquitination in neurons. Moreover, PTEN and NEDD4-1 appear to be able to counter-regulate each other to mediate the neuronal response to zinc. This reciprocal regulation requires the PI3K signaling pathway, suggesting a feedback loop mechanism. This study demonstrates that NEDD4-1-mediated PTEN ubiquitination is crucial in the regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling by PTEN during the neuronal response to zinc, which may represent a common mechanism in neurodegeneration.Zinc is increasingly recognized as an important molecule that plays both physiological and pathological roles in a variety of biological processes. The role of zinc in the central nervous system has also been discovered over the past 2 decades, as a neurotransmitter in modulating synaptic plasticity (1, 2). Although zinc is selectively stored in the pre-synaptic vesicles of a specific type of neuron, sequestered or tightly bound to cellular compartments, it can be rapidly released in response to extracellular signals. The same neurons also secrete glutamate and are the so-called "gluzinergic" neurons found primarily in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Neurons store up to 300 M free zinc in their termini (3) and release it through several types of cation channels (e.g. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors) when they are depolarized, reaching high concentrations that are known to cause acute neuronal death. Together with glutamate, zinc mediates excitotoxicity, as manifested in acute brain injuries, ischemia, and seizures (4, 5). Zinc is also implicated in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease via direct chelation with the amyloid precursor protein, thereby modulating its processing and generating oxidative stress (6).In cortical cell cultures, 100 M zinc, with ...