Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the developing superficial layers of the rat superior colliculus

Giraldi-Guimarães, Arthur; Bittencourt-Navarrete, Ruben Ernesto; Mendez-Otero, Rosália

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2004000600013

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Nitric Oxide is a key molecule in plastic developing pre-and postnatal periods expressed in the SC (Scheiner et al, 2001 ; Giraldi-Guimarães et al, 2004 ) and it is especially linked with Shank3 mutation and ASD (Tripathi et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Correlations Between Asd and Sc Disruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

Jure

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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A better understanding of the pathogenesis of autism will help clarify our conception of the complexity of normal brain development. The crucial deficit may lie in the postnatal changes that vision produces in the brainstem nuclei during early life. The superior colliculus is the primary brainstem visual center. Although difficult to examine in humans with present techniques, it is known to support behaviors essential for every vertebrate to survive, such as the ability to pay attention to relevant stimuli and to produce automatic motor responses based on sensory input. From birth to death, it acts as a brain sentinel that influences basic aspects of our behavior. It is the main brainstem hub that lies between the environment and the rest of the higher neural system, making continuous, implicit decisions about where to direct our attention. The conserved cortex-like organization of the superior colliculus in all vertebrates allows the early appearance of primitive emotionally-related behaviors essential for survival. It contains first-line specialized neurons enabling the detection and tracking of faces and movements from birth. During development, it also sends the appropriate impulses to help shape brain areas necessary for social-communicative abilities. These abilities require the analysis of numerous variables, such as the simultaneous evaluation of incoming information sustained by separate brain networks (visual, auditory and sensory-motor, social, emotional, etc.), and predictive capabilities which compare present events to previous experiences and possible responses. These critical aspects of decision-making allow us to evaluate the impact that our response or behavior may provoke in others. The purpose of this review is to show that several enigmas about the complexity of autism might be explained by disruptions of collicular and brainstem functions. The results of two separate lines of investigation: 1. the cognitive, etiologic, and pathogenic aspects of autism on one hand, and two. the functional anatomy of the colliculus on the other, are considered in order to bridge the gap between basic brain science and clinical studies and to promote future research in this unexplored area.

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Section: Correlations Between Asd and Sc Disruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

Jure

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…It is formed by the enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline [1], with the release of NO in the presence of oxygen and NADPH using flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, heme, thiol and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of dimethylarginine levels in rats using HILIC‐MS/MS: An in vivo microdialysis study

Zotti

Schiavone

Tricarico

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important mediators and neurotransmitters and its levels change under pathological conditions. NO production may be regulated by endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, in particular asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Most of the interest is focused on ADMA, since this compound is present in plasma and urine and accumulation of ADMA has been described in many disease states but little is known about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of this compound and of its structural isomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). To determine the levels of methylarginines, we here present a new hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS method for the precise determination of these substances in CSF from microdialysis samples of rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). The method requires only minimal sample preparation and features isotope-labelled internal standards.

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“…Inflammation and oxidative oxidation might stimulate the production of Aβ, resulting in the aggravation of AD. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), along with iNOS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), synthesizes NO from L-arginine and molecular oxygen [45,46]. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical and shares several properties with a neurotransmitter in the nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematically Characterize the Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Mechanism of Lignans from S. chinensis Based on In-Vivo Ingredient Analysis and Target-Network Pharmacology Strategy by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

Wei

Liu

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill can ameliorate cognitive impairment in animals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the metabolism of absorbed ingredients and the potential targets of the lignans from S. chinensis in animals with AD have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, for the first time, we performed an in-vivo ingredient analysis and implemented a target-network pharmacology strategy to assess the effects of lignans from S. chinensis in rats with AD. Ten absorbed prototype constituents and 39 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in the plasma of dosed rats with AD using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on the results of analysis of the effective constituents in vivo, the potential therapeutic mechanism of the effective constituents in the rats with AD was investigated using a target-network pharmacology approach and independent experimental validation. The results showed that the treatment effects of lignans from S. chinensis on cognitive impairment might involve the regulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism, neurofibrillary tangles, neurotransmitter metabolism, inflammatory response, and antioxidant system. Overall, we identified the effective components of lignans in S. chinensis that can improve the cognitive impairment induced by AD and proposed potential therapeutic metabolic pathways. The results might serve as the basis for a fundamental strategy to explore effective therapeutic drugs to treat AD.

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Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the developing superficial layers of the rat superior colliculus

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

Determination of dimethylarginine levels in rats using HILIC‐MS/MS: An in vivo microdialysis study

Systematically Characterize the Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Mechanism of Lignans from S. chinensis Based on In-Vivo Ingredient Analysis and Target-Network Pharmacology Strategy by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

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