Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the human nasal mucosa.

Furukawa, Kanako; Harrison, David G.; Saleh, Dina; Shennib, Hani; Chagnon, Frédéric; Giaid, Adel

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564142

Cited by 124 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There may also be a variation in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in the airway epithelium between subjects, independent of inflammatory processes [20,21]. The individual NO values were consistent over one week for both orally and nasally exhaled air.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of exhaled nitric oxide: introducing a new reproducible method for nasal nitric oxide measurements

Palm¹,

Gräf

Lundberg³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Nitric oxide (NO) is present in the human nasal airways and has been suggested to originate primarily from the paranasal sinuses. The aim of this study was to establish a new and reproducible method for measurement of nasal NO.Through repeated single-breath measurements the intra-and inter-individual variations of NO levels in nasally (into a tightly fitting mask covering the nose) and orally exhaled air were determined in healthy humans. Variations due to the methods used were investigated. The contribution of oral NO to the nasal exhalations by introducing a mouthwash procedure was also studied.This study shows distinct individual values of NO in nasally and orally exhaled air of healthy humans. Some diurnal variability was also found with a rise in NO in nasally and orally exhaled air over the day, but no, or little, day-to-day variability when comparing the results from separate mornings. There was no correlation between NO levels in nasally and orally exhaled air, whereas there was a strong correlation between NO levels in air exhaled through the left and right nostril. The levels of NO in air exhaled at 0.17 L . s -1 through either nostril separately were higher than in air exhaled at the same flow rate through both nostrils simultaneously. After the introduction of a mouthwash procedure the level of NO in orally, but not nasally exhaled air was reduced.To conclude the method using nasal exhalation into a nose mask is highly reproducible. It is also suggested that subtracting the level of NO in orally exhaled air, after mouthwash, from that in nasally exhaled air, would adequately reflect nasal NO levels. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 236±241.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of exhaled nitric oxide: introducing a new reproducible method for nasal nitric oxide measurements

Palm¹,

Gräf

Lundberg³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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“…NOS activity is of importance in inflammatory disorders of the upper respiratory tract via at least two mechanisms. Firstly the regulation of nasal vascular tone is thought to be under cNOS control [14,16,25] and secondly iNOS is important in the modulation of the inflammatory and immunological response [18]. As high doses of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline are frequently used in the topical treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation, the effect of these compounds on NO regulation is of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO, generated via iNOS, which is induced in inflammatory cells and epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, is an important mediator in modulating the inflammatory and immunological response [18,39]. Involvement of NO was shown for rhinitis based on house dust mite allergy [13], seasonal rhinitis [11], chronic rhinitis [15] and nasal polyps [14]. NO levels are high in exhaled air, which was shown to be originating mainly from the nasal and paranasal airways [34, 40±42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that considerable levels of NO metabolites are present in nasal lavage fluid of patients with house dust mite allergy [12] and that nasal polyps contain higher levels of NOS than normal nasal mucosa [13]. In addition, the exact localization of NOS in nasal mucosa has been identified [14,15]. Furthermore, NOS activity seems to be involved in nasal vascular conductance and in nasal cavity volume [16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by nasal decongestants

Westerveld¹,

Voss²,

Hee³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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The nasal decongestants oxymetazoline and xylometazoline are frequently used in the topical treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis. As nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play a role in inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, the aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of these compounds on the activity and the expression of NO producing enzymes, including the inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS) and the constitutive isoform of NO synthase (cNOS).Experiments concerning the effects of both compounds on enzymatic activity and enzyme induction of iNOS were performed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) using the Griess assay and the 3 H-citrulline assay respectively. The effects on cNOS were examined in fresh rat synaptosomes using the 3 H-citrulline assay. The direct scavenging properties of both compounds were investigated using a amperometric NO sensor.Oxymetazoline and xylometazoline were shown to have a dose dependent inhibitory effect on total iNOS activity indicated by nitrite/nitrate formation in the Griess assay. This effect was found to be due to an inhibition of induction of the enzyme rather than inhibition of the enzyme activity, as was investigated in two separate experiments using the 3 H-citrulline assay. Inhibition of cNOS was moderate and in the same order of magnitude as the inhibition of enzymatic iNOS activity. Direct scavenging of NO could not be detected.As constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity is thought to serve beneficial physiological functions, and exaggerated inducible nitric oxide synthase activity may cause exacerbation of the inflammatory process, pharmacological treatment influencing the nitric oxide generating system should focus on inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase alone. The specific characteristics of these decongestants in vitro suggests suitability for this application and may indicate an additional beneficial effect in the treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 437±444.

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“…In the nasal airways, NO is produced in the paranasal sinuses and, to a lesser extent by the nasal mucosa [9]. In the paranasal sinuses, very high concentrations of NO have been found, ranging between 300 and 23,000 ppb [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement with Computed Tomography Findings in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Dabholkar

Saberwal

Velankar

et al. 2013

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger produced by mammalian cells serving various functions including regulation of blood flow, platelet function, immunity, and neurotransmission. The paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa are a major source of exhaled NO. The aim of the study is to compare the nasal NO (nNO) levels in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with those of common cold patients and controls and to correlate CT scores with nNO levels. The nasal concentration of NO was measured by electroluminescence in 13 healthy volunteers, in 13 patients suffering from common cold and 13 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The concentration of NO was correlated with symptom scores, endoscopic findings and CT findings. The measured levels of NO did not differ between healthy volunteers and common cold patients, but they were significantly lower in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis. As NO is a regulator of mucociliary activity and has bacteriostatic and antiviral effects, the decreased concentration of nNO in patients suffering from sinusitis suggests that lack of NO may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Thus, nNO, which is easily measured, provides a valuable non-invasive objective measure of chronic rhinosinusitis.

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Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the human nasal mucosa.

Cited by 124 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of exhaled nitric oxide: introducing a new reproducible method for nasal nitric oxide measurements

Characterization of exhaled nitric oxide: introducing a new reproducible method for nasal nitric oxide measurements

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by nasal decongestants

Correlation of Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement with Computed Tomography Findings in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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