Expression of specific white adipose tissue genes in denervation‐induced skeletal muscle fatty degeneration

Dulor, J.-P.; Cambon, Brigitte; Vigneron, P.; Reyne, Yves; Nouguès, J.; Casteilla, Louis; Bacou, Francis

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01216-2

Cited by 93 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results of such experiments could be affected by a number of factors, including the species or body size of the animal and the embryological origin, anatomic location (3,15), or function of the muscle, in particular its potential for being stretched by gravity, posture, or antagonistic muscles. We think it highly unlikely that the small number of impulses delivered once a week to assess chronaxie (see METHODS) had any major influence on the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So which is the most appropriate animal model? Examination of the comparative literature suggests that in fact rat muscle is unusual in its susceptibility to denervation, compared not only to rabbit (3,15,24,28,35,36) but also to mouse (12,56), guinea pig (26,31,39), cat (40,50), and turkey (4). The lack of necrotic degeneration in human quadriceps muscles in the first year following a denervating lesion bears clear similarities to the results reported here for the rabbit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year

Ashley¹,

Sutherland²,

Lanmüller³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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JC. Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292: C440 -C451, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00085.2006.-Our understanding of the effects of long-term denervation on skeletal muscle is heavily influenced by an extensive literature based on the rat. We have studied physiological and morphological changes in an alternative model, the rabbit. In adult rabbits, tibialis anterior muscles were denervated unilaterally by selective section of motor branches of the common peroneal nerve and examined after 10, 36, or 51 wk. Denervation reduced muscle mass and cross-sectional area by 50 -60% and tetanic force by 75%, with no apparent reduction in specific force (force per cross-sectional area of muscle fibers). The loss of mass was associated with atrophy of fast fibers and an increase in fibrous and adipose connective tissue; the diameter of slow fibers was preserved. Within fibers, electron microscopy revealed signs of ultrastructural disorganization of sarcomeres and tubular systems. This, rather than the observed transformation of fiber type from IIx to IIa, was probably responsible for the slow contractile speed of the muscles. The muscle groups denervated for 10, 36, or 51 wk showed no significant differences. At no stage was there any evidence of necrosis or regeneration, and the total number of fibers remained constant. These changes are in marked contrast to the necrotic degeneration and progressive decline in mass and force that have previously been found in long-term denervated rat muscles. The rabbit may be a better choice for a model of the effects of denervation in humans, at least up to 1 yr after lesion.force; shortening velocity; electron microscopy; histochemistry MUCH OF OUR KNOWLEDGE of the effects of long-term denervation of mammalian skeletal muscle comes from experimental studies of total sciatic section in the rat (7,32,54). The mass of the affected muscles falls rapidly within 5-7 days of axotomy (11,18,22,25,55,57,58) and declines further to 30 -50% of control weight in succeeding weeks (1,5,11,14,23,41,60). After several months, muscle weight stabilizes at ϳ5-20% of control (1,13,45).Within the muscles, individual fibers show a reduction of ϳ70% in cross-sectional area (CSA) over a period of months (5,14,21,37), and over 90% (1,21,45) in the longer term. Initially, fast (type II) fibers are more susceptible to atrophy than slow (type I) fibers (5,7,32,38,48,54,59), but over more prolonged periods the fiber types atrophy to a similar extent (6, 54). Corresponding to this reduction in fiber CSA, there is a striking and progressive increase in interstitial collagen and fat (32). At the ultrastructural level, atrophic muscle fibers show evidence of disorganization, including loss or misalignment of sarcomeres, dissociation of the T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and changes in the sarcomeric location of mitochondria (32, 51, 52).The major physiological correlate of these morphological changes is a loss of force-generati...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year

Ashley¹,

Sutherland²,

Lanmüller³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…It remains, however, to be determined whether this phenomenon also exists in vivo, and may account for fat infiltration into muscles observed following denervation (Dulor et al, 1998) or sarcopenia (for review, see Pahor and Kritchevsky, 1998). However, although some scientists have provided evidence for transdifferentiation of muscle cells to preadipocytes, the localization of marbling adipocytes to the perimysium in most cases would support the idea that marbling arises primarily from fibroblasts associated with perimysial connective tissue (for review, see Smith et al, 2009).…”

Section: How Might Marbling Begin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Hocquette

Gondret

Baéza³

et al. 2010

Animal

656

447

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Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays a key role in various quality traits of meat. IMF content varies between species, between breeds and between muscle types in the same breed. Other factors are involved in the variation of IMF content in animals, including gender, age and feeding. Variability in IMF content is mainly linked to the number and size of intramuscular adipocytes. The accretion rate of IMF depends on the muscle growth rate. For instance, animals having a high muscularity with a high glycolytic activity display a reduced development of IMF. This suggests that muscle cells and adipocytes interplay during growth. In addition, early events that influence adipogenesis inside the muscle (i.e proliferation and differentiation of adipose cells, the connective structure embedding adipocytes) might be involved in interindividual differences in IMF content. Increasing muscularity will also dilute the final fat content of muscle. At the metabolic level, IMF content results from the balance between uptake, synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols, which involve many metabolic pathways in both adipocytes and myofibres. Various experiments revealed an association between IMF level and the muscle content in adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein, the activities of oxidative enzymes, or the delta-6-desaturase level; however, other studies failed to confirm such relationships. This might be due to the importance of fatty acid fluxes that is likely to be responsible for variability in IMF content during the postnatal period rather than the control of one single pathway. This is evident in the muscle of most fish species in which triacylglycerol synthesis is almost zero. Genetic approaches for increasing IMF have been focused on live animal ultrasound to derive estimated breeding values. More recently, efforts have concentrated on discovering DNA markers that change the distribution of fat in the body (i.e. towards IMF at the expense of the carcass fatness). Thanks to the exhaustive nature of genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics), our knowledge on fat accumulation in muscles is now being underpinned. Metabolic specificities of intramuscular adipocytes have also been demonstrated, as compared to other depots. Nutritional manipulation of IMF independently from body fat depots has proved to be more difficult to achieve than genetic strategies to have lipid deposition dependent of adipose tissue location. In addition, the biological mechanisms that explain the variability of IMF content differ between genetic and nutritional factors. The nutritional regulation of IMF also differs between ruminants, monogastrics and fish due to their digestive and nutritional particularities.

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“…It may occur as a consequence of tendon tears, disuse, denervation, cachexia or myodystrophic disease. The pathophysiologic mechanisms and the histological and biochemical changes differ greatly between these etiologies [3][4][5][6][7][8]11,13]. Atrophy following nerve lesio.ns, along with fatty muscle infiltration, occurs in the denervated muscle area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle following tendon tear

Meyer

Pirkl

Pfirrmann

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Muscle atrophy is a known consequence of muscle disuse, muscle denervation and tendon tear. Whereas after nerve injury muscle atrophies in the denervated area, the distribution of muscle atrophy following tear of its tendon is not known.Standardized MRI scans of 64 consecutive, painful shoulders were evaluated for supraspinatus tendon tearing, myotendinous retraction, supraspinatus muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, ratio of the scapular (deep) and fascial (superficial) muscle area ("symmetry'') and position of the central tendon within the supraspinatus fossa.There were thirteen shoulders with no and eleven shoulders with partial thickness supraspinatus tendon tears. In the forty cases with full thickness tendon tear, there was significant muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Atrophy of the fascial muscle portion was 43%, on the bony side it was 9% ( p < 0.005). The position of the central tendon within the supraspinatus fossa, was unaltered.Muscular changes following tendon tear occur highly asymmetrically: The muscle portion originating from the fascia primarily atrophies, the portion originating from the scapula primarily undergoes fatty infiltration. Muscular changes are not simply a consequence of muscle disuse, but dependent on architectural changes in the muscle.

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Expression of specific white adipose tissue genes in denervation‐induced skeletal muscle fatty degeneration

Cited by 93 publications

References 37 publications

Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year

Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Asymmetric atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle following tendon tear

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