Expression of the G protein γT1 subunit during zebrafish development

Chen, Hui; Leung, TinChung; Giger, Kathryn E.; Stauffer, Anna M.; Humbert, Jasper E.; Sinha, Swapnil; Horstick, Eric J.; Hansen, Carl A.; Robishaw, Janet D.

doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2007.01.003

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Alternatively, more rapid divergence of mammalian GNGT1 may have been facilitated by a duplication that generated a gene adjacently on the same chromosome (Hsa7q) called GNG11 (Kaupp & Seifert 2002). GNG11 probably arose in a mammalian ancestor and is highly expressed in a variety of tissues such as the pineal gland, the heart, lung and skeletal muscle (Balcueva et al 2000;Chen et al 2007). …”

Section: Phototransduction Gene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes

Larhammar

Nordström

Larsson

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

115

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Vertebrate cones and rods in several cases use separate but related components for their signal transduction (opsins, G-proteins, ion channels, etc.). Some of these proteins are also used differentially in other cell types in the retina. Because cones, rods and other retinal cell types originated in early vertebrate evolution, it is of interest to see if their specific genes arose in the extensive gene duplications that took place in the ancestor of the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) by two tetraploidizations (genome doublings). The ancestor of teleost fishes subsequently underwent a third tetraploidization. Our previously reported analyses showed that several gene families in the vertebrate visual phototransduction cascade received new members in the basal tetraploidizations. We here expand these data with studies of additional gene families and vertebrate species. We conclude that no less than 10 of the 13 studied phototransduction gene families received additional members in the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations. Also the remaining three families seem to have undergone duplications during the same time period but it is unclear if this happened as a result of the tetraploidizations. The implications of the many early vertebrate gene duplications for functional specialization of specific retinal cell types, particularly cones and rods, are discussed.

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Section: Phototransduction Gene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes

Larhammar

Nordström

Larsson

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

115

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“…The GNA and GNG gene families in particular consist of several subfamilies out of which we have analysed those that include members expressed in rods and cones. These two cell types express different but related genes from all three transducin subunit families [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations

et al. 2012

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Hundreds of gene families expanded in the early vertebrate tetraploidizations including many gene families in the phototransduction cascade. We have investigated the evolution of the heterotrimeric G-proteins of photoreceptors, the transducins, in relation to these events using both phylogenetic analyses and synteny comparisons. Three alpha subunit genes were identified in amniotes and the coelacanth, GNAT1-3; two of these were identified in amphibians and teleost fish, GNAT1 and GNAT2. Most tetrapods have four beta genes, GNB1-4, and teleosts have additional duplicates. Finally, three gamma genes were identified in mammals, GNGT1, GNG11 and GNGT2. Of these, GNGT1 and GNGT2 were found in the other vertebrates. In frog and zebrafish additional duplicates of GNGT2 were identified. Our analyses show all three transducin families expanded during the early vertebrate tetraploidizations and the beta and gamma families gained additional copies in the teleost-specific genome duplication. This suggests that the tetraploidizations contributed to visual specialisations.

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“…Although ribozymes targeted to individual Gγ subunits have shown the ability to assay in vitro function [36], their efficacy in vivo remains to be determined. Few zebrafish heterotrimeric G proteins have been identified [37-39]. The use of morpholinos (targeted antisense oligonucleotides) in zebrafish embryos to elucidate the biological function of specific G protein subunits is complicated by poor target efficacy, maternal protein contribution, off-target effects and/or functional redundancies between G protein subunits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenylation-deficient G protein gamma subunits disrupt GPCR signaling in the zebrafish

Mulligan

Blaser

Raz

et al. 2010

Cellular Signalling

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Prenylation of G protein gamma (γ) subunits is necessary for the membrane localization of heterotrimeric G proteins and for functional heterotrimeric G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. To evaluate GPCR signaling pathways during development, we injected zebrafish embryos with mRNAs encoding Gγ subunits mutated so that they can no longer be prenylated. Low-level expression of these prenylation-deficient Gγ subunits driven either ubiquitously or specifically in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) disrupts GPCR signaling and manifests as a PGC migration defect. This disruption results in a reduction of calcium accumulation in the protrusions of migrating PGCs and a failure of PGCs to directionally migrate. When co-expressed with a prenylation-deficient Gγ, 8 of the 17 wildtype Gγ isoforms individually confer the ability to restore calcium accumulation and directional migration. These results suggest that while the Gγ subunits possess the ability to interact with G Beta (β) proteins, only a subset of wildtype Gγ proteins are stable within PGCs and can interact with key signaling components necessary for PGC migration. This in vivo study highlights the functional redundancy of these signaling components and demonstrates that prenylation-deficient Gγ subunits are an effective tool to investigate the roles of GPCR signaling events during vertebrate development.

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Expression of the G protein γT1 subunit during zebrafish development

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes

Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes

Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations

Prenylation-deficient G protein gamma subunits disrupt GPCR signaling in the zebrafish

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