Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C in human pterygium

Abstract

1Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and its receptor 2 VEGFR-3 mediate lymphangiogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the 3 expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 as well as lymphatic vessels in the 4 pterygium and normal conjunctiva of humans. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Most studies have supported the hypothesis that VEGF-C is of prognostic 9 value, and promotes lymphatic tumor progression in various human cancers, 10 including gastric, breast, colon, lung, head and neck, and ovarian 11 carcinomas. (Herrmann et al., 2007; Jüttner et al., 2006; Miyata et al., 2006; 12 Trojan et al., 2006) In the ophthalmology field, VEGF-C and its receptor, Dewaxed paraffin sections were immunostained using the complex method. 2Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded serial tissue sections were cut at a 4 µm 3 thickness and endogenous peroxidase activity was inhibited by immersing 4 the slides in 3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 10 min. As a 5 pretreatment, microwave-based antigen retrieval was performed in PBS. antibody (1:500 dilution; Invitrogen). All slides were examined using a 5Keyenece BZ-9000 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) microscope. (1:500; described above) and anti-VEGFR-3 polyclonal antibody (1:500; Results 2LVD is high in pterygium 3 D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels were clearly seen in the stroma of the 4 pterygium and normal conjunctiva (Figure 1, arrows). The LVD of the 5 pterygium and normal conjunctiva was 8.2±2.8 and 4.8±0.3, respectively. 6The LVD was significantly higher in the pterygium than in the normal 7 conjunctiva (P < 0.001, Table 1). In contrast, the LVD/BVD ratio of the 8 pterygium (0.86±0.26) was not significant difference compared to that of 9 the normal conjunctiva (0.71±0.05) (P > 0.05, Table 1). 11 VEGF-C is expressed in pterygium 12The expression of VEGF-C in the pterygium and normal conjunctiva was Figure 4A, B). The 6 number of VEGF-A-immunopositive cells (54%) was significantly higher 7 than that of VEGF-C (44%) (n=9, P < 0.05, Table 3). Immunoreactivity for p<0.05, Figure 6A ). VEGF-C is secreted in serum-starved cultured conjunctival epithelial VEGF-C promotes lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation 9To investigate the role of VEGF-C in pterygium pathogenesis, we studied at 24 hours (n=4, p<0.05, Figure 6B). In this study, we demonstrated that VEGF-C was expressed in pterygial 1 tissues using Western blot and imm...

Expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C in cholangiocarcinomas at different clinical and pathological stages

“…Previous studies of COX-2 expression in gallbladder were mostly limited to comparisons between the gallbladder and other tissues (Fukuhara et al, 2013;Rosas et al, 2014). Consistent with previous studies, COX-2 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue than benign lesions (gallbladder tissue from patients with cholecystitis and gallstone) in our study.…”

“…In recent years, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such COX-2-selective inhibitors have been extensively used in clinical treatments. COX-2 inhibitors have been reported to effectively inhibit the growth of colon, breast, lung, and prostate tumors (Wu et al, 2010;Fukuhara et al, 2013). However, in the present study, the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.…”

“…In recent years, many studies have shown that COX-2 is overexpressed in bladder, non-small cell lung, and gastric cancers (Grammas, 2011;Fukuhara et al, 2013;Rosas et al, 2014;Thomas, 2014). Additional studies showed that COX-2 expression was closely associated with local angiogenesis, tumor cell infiltration, proliferation, and apoptosis (Grammas, 2011;Fava and Lorenzini, 2012;Fukuhara et al, 2013;Rosas et al, 2014). VEGF is the most important factor in angiogenesis and has been widely investigated.…”

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Eyes with Coats' Disease

“…In double-staining immunohistochemistry, after incubation with the first antibody of anti-VEGF antibody, anti-CD68 monoclonal antibody (1:50; Abcam), a marker for macrophage, 8 or anti-VEGFR-2 phosphorylation on Tyr1214, Tyr951, and Tyr1054 polyclonal antibodies (1:50; Abcam), Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti-rabbit antibody for 30 minutes and FITC-conjugated anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody (1:50; Abcam), for 30 minutes at room temperature were then incubated. After being washed, sections were mounted using mounting media with 4 0 ,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; SlowFade Gold Antifade Reagent with DAPI; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA).…”

Short-Term Ultraviolet A Irradiation Leads to Dysfunction of the Limbal Niche Cells and an Antilymphangiogenic and Anti-inflammatory Micromilieu

“…What currently is known about UVA radiation, however, is that it, next to inducing inflammation, is associated furthermore with the oxidative stress in cells, gene mutations, and extracellular matrix remodeling that contribute to the development of skin tumors and pterygium. [24][25][26] Growth factors that have been observed to increase in pterygium specimens include VEGF-A, 27,28 VEGF-C, the master regulator of lymphangiogenesis, 29 and its receptor VEGF-R3. 27 This increase correlates with the higher density of the lymphatic network associated with pterygium recurrence and staging, and is considered a long-term effect of UV irradiation.…”