Expression Profile of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Regulation of Vasculature Development and Heart Muscle Morphogenesis—A Transcriptomic Approach Based on a Porcine Model

Abstract

Despite significant advances in treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) many subjects still develop heart failure due to significantly reduced ejection fraction. Currently, there are no commonly available treatment strategies that replace the infarcted/dysfunctional myocardium. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control the regeneration of the heart muscle is important. The development of new coronary vessels plays a pivotal role in cardiac regeneration. Employing microarray expression assays and RT-qPCR validation expression pattern of genes in long-term primary cultured cells isolated form the right atrial appendage (RAA) and right atrium (RA) was evaluated. After using DAVID software, it indicated the analysis expression profiles of genes involved in ontological groups such as: “angiogenesis”, “blood vessel morphogenesis”, “circulatory system development”, “regulation of vasculature development”, and “vasculature development” associated with the process of creation new blood vessels. The performed transcriptomic comparative analysis between two different compartments of the heart muscle allowed us to indicate the presence of differences in the expression of key transcripts depending on the cell source. Increases in culture intervals significantly increased expression of SFRP2, PRRX1 genes and some other genes involved in inflammatory process, such as: CCL2, IL6, and ROBO1. Moreover, the right atrial appendage gene encoding lysyl oxidase (LOX) showed much higher expression compared to the pre-cultivation state.

Systematic Identification and Comparison of the Expressed Profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs with Associated Co-Expression Networks in Pigs with Low and High Intramuscular Fat

“…At the same time, an increasing number of messenger RNA (mRNAs) and regulatory RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified through sequencing as candidate genes or important regulators of fat deposition or lipid metabolism in pigs [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, combined analyses of all these types of RNA have rarely been reported [ 12 ], and an in-depth functional analysis of regulatory RNAs for IMF development in pigs has not yet been conducted.…”

Transcriptomic Profile of Genes Regulating the Structural Organization of Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture

“…Myosin, the major component of the thick filaments, is an essential motor protein of the myocardium. Lower mRNA levels of MYH7 and MYL3 , genes encoding two isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains, were previously observed [ 15 ]. In all culture intervals, both in RA and RAA cells, upregulation of MYO5A transcript levels was observed.…”

“…Importantly, the morphology of cells obtained from different segments of the heart was similar. However, to obtain a complete view of the morphology of RAA and RA cells cultured in vitro, the information from the micrographs presented in two figures ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) should be supplemented with previously published data [ 15 ]. The initially seeded cells exhibited an irregular, slightly elongated shape.…”

“…Therefore, the detailed characterization of cells obtained from the myocardium is important. Cardiomyocytes have been demonstrated to exhibit the ability to develop new vessels [ 15 ]. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations by measurement of mRNA expression levels of the DNA methyltransferases during CMs in vitro culture were evaluated in the current study [ 25 ].…”

“…The microarray study was carried out as previously described [ 15 ]. Previously isolated total RNA (50 ng) from each pooled sample (during analyses, for each time interval we pooled RNA from 4 different cultures obtained from other hearts) was used in two rounds of sense cDNA amplification (Ambion ® WT Expression Kit).…”