Expression profiles of LHβ, FSHβ and their gonadal receptor mRNAs during sexual differentiation of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Urbatzka, Ralph; Lorenz, Claudia; Lutz, Ilka; Kloas, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.02.012

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Among amphibians, the full-length and partial FSHR cDNAs were isolated from the newt C . pyrrhogaster [Nakayama et al, 2000] and X. laevis [Urbatzka et al, 2010], respectively. In the newt, FSHR is expressed in testicular somatic and germ cells [Nakayama et al, 2000].…”

Section: Upregulation Of Fsh and Fsh Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the newt, FSHR is expressed in testicular somatic and germ cells [Nakayama et al, 2000]. In X. laevis , FSHR expression is very low in the morphologically indistinguishable gonads where sex is as yet undetermined, but becomes significantly higher in both sexes during gonadal formation [Urbatzka et al, 2010]. However, until recently there has been no information available about the expression of these 2 genes during sex-determination in amphibians.…”

Section: Upregulation Of Fsh and Fsh Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is a Sex-Determining Gene(s) Necessary for Sex-Determination in Amphibians? Steroid Hormones May Be the Key Factor

Nakamura¹

2012

Sex Dev

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Amphibians have 2 genetic sex-determining systems, one with male (XX/XY) and one with female (ZZ/ZW) heterogamety. While the ancestral state of sex-determination is thought to be female heterogamety, male and female heterogametic types were probably once interchangeable. The Japanese frog Rana rugosa has both XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems within a single species in certain local populations. However, steroid hormones can alter the phenotypic sex epigenetically. In R. rugosa, steroidogenic enzyme expression starts before sex-determination in the indifferent gonad, and these enzymes become active in both male and female tadpoles. Androgens are produced in the indifferent gonad of male tadpoles at high levels, whereas estrogens are synthesized in females. In this regard, the observed enhanced expression of the hormone-metabolizing genes, CYP19 in the female gonad and CYP17 in males, may be crucial for sex-determination. Moreover, with FSH known to increase estrogen synthesis in the vertebrate ovary, observed upregulation of FSH receptor (FSHR) expression in the indifferent gonad of female tadpoles is intriguing. These data suggest that steroid hormones could be crucial for sex-determination in R. rugosa, with the consequence that upregulation of CYP19 and FSHR expression is necessary for female and CYP17 for male sex-determination.

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Section: Upregulation Of Fsh and Fsh Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upregulation Of Fsh and Fsh Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a Sex-Determining Gene(s) Necessary for Sex-Determination in Amphibians? Steroid Hormones May Be the Key Factor

Nakamura¹

2012

Sex Dev

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“…First, the organization and components of the amphibian hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis are similar to those in mammals (Kloas and Lutz, 2006). Second, the larval period encompasses the early programming of the HPG axis and gonadal differentiation in Xenopus Urbatzka et al, 2010). In humans, an important developmental periodin programming of the HPG axis and sex organ differentiation occurs during the fetal and early postnatal period (Davies and Norman, 2002;Pope et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture effects of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol: Estrogenic biomarkers and hormone receptor mRNA expression during sexual programming

et al. 2015

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“…In this frog species, both genetic and phenotypic sex can be determined [Miura et al, 1998], and gene expression levels in differentiating GMCs can be studied separately in genetic males and females. GMC gene expression patterns during sex differentiation have only been studied in a few other frog species, including Xenopus laevis [Semba et al, 1996;Koyano et al, 1997;Takase et al, 1999;Nakajima et al, 2000;Kawano et al, 2001;Lutz et al, 2001;Akatsuka et al, 2005;Osawa et al, 2005;Yoshimoto et al, 2006Yoshimoto et al, , 2008Urbatzka et al, 2007Urbatzka et al, , 2010Okada et al, 2009], Silurana ( Xenopus) tropicalis [El Jamil et al, 2008a;Duarte-Guterman and Trudeau, 2011], Engystomops ( Physalaemus) pustulosus [Duarte-Guterman et al, 2012] or Lithobates catesbeianus (formerly Rana catesbeiana ) [Mayer et al, 2002]. In these reports, 3 genes have consistently exhibited sexually dimorphic expression patterns in gonads of adult frogs and differentiating tadpoles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexing Frogs by Real-Time PCR: Using Aromatase <b><i>(cyp19) </i></b>as an Early Ovarian Differentiation Marker

Navarro‐Martín

Velasco-Santamaría²,

Duarte‐Guterman³

et al. 2012

Sex Dev

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Most anurans have no identified sex-markers; therefore, alternative methods for identification of early changes in sex ratios are required. In this study, Lithobates sylvaticus and Silurana tropicalis tadpoles were sampled at different developmental stages covering the entire process of sex differentiation. Three candidate genes known to be involved in sex differentiation in other vertebrate species were selected to develop a method to identify phenotypic sex in frogs: cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19), forkhead box L2 (foxl2) and the cytochrome 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (cyp17). Cloning of these genes revealed nucleotide identity values ranging between 75–97% when compared to other amphibian species. Gene expression of cyp17,cyp19 and foxl2 in L. sylvaticus adult gonads and gonad-mesonephros complex (GMC) of tadpoles was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Results showed clear sexually dimorphic patterns in the expression of the 3 genes. Our analysis reveals that GMC gene expression levels of cyp19 alone can be used as a robust predictor of phenotypic sex in L. sylvaticus tadpoles. In addition, we validated this method measuring cyp19 mRNA levels in S. tropicalis GMCs. We propose measuring cyp19 as a tool to study the effects of chemical contaminants (including endocrine disrupting compounds) on amphibian gonadal development and sex ratios in the future.

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Expression profiles of LHβ, FSHβ and their gonadal receptor mRNAs during sexual differentiation of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Is a Sex-Determining Gene(s) Necessary for Sex-Determination in Amphibians? Steroid Hormones May Be the Key Factor

Is a Sex-Determining Gene(s) Necessary for Sex-Determination in Amphibians? Steroid Hormones May Be the Key Factor

Mixture effects of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol: Estrogenic biomarkers and hormone receptor mRNA expression during sexual programming

Sexing Frogs by Real-Time PCR: Using Aromatase <b><i>(cyp19) </i></b>as an Early Ovarian Differentiation Marker

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