2020
DOI: 10.1115/1.4046772
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Extended Environmental Contour Methods for Long-Term Extreme Response Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines1

Abstract: Environmental contour method is an efficient method for predicting the long-term extreme response of offshore structures. The traditional environmental contour is obtained using the joint distribution of mean wind speed, significant wave height, and spectral peak period. To improve the accuracy of traditional environmental contour method, a modified method was proposed considering the non-monotonic aerodynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines. Still, the modified method assumes constant wind turbulence inten… Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…In any stochastic process X(t) taken across a period ( T ), the extreme value is the largest maxima extracted from a group of individual maxima [11]. 0.28emXebadbreak=0.28emmax{}Xm1,Xm2,Xm3,.,Xmn0.16em0.16em,0.28emi0.28emgoodbreak=0.28em1,,n,0.28em$$\begin{equation}{\rm{\;}}{X_e} = \;max\left\{ {{X_{m1}},{X_{m2}},{X_{m3}}, \ldots .,{X_{mn}}} \right\}\,\,,\;i\; = \;1, \ldots ,n,\;\end{equation}$$where X e describes the largest maximum value and X mi describes the individual maxima.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In any stochastic process X(t) taken across a period ( T ), the extreme value is the largest maxima extracted from a group of individual maxima [11]. 0.28emXebadbreak=0.28emmax{}Xm1,Xm2,Xm3,.,Xmn0.16em0.16em,0.28emi0.28emgoodbreak=0.28em1,,n,0.28em$$\begin{equation}{\rm{\;}}{X_e} = \;max\left\{ {{X_{m1}},{X_{m2}},{X_{m3}}, \ldots .,{X_{mn}}} \right\}\,\,,\;i\; = \;1, \ldots ,n,\;\end{equation}$$where X e describes the largest maximum value and X mi describes the individual maxima.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For addressing the relevant variables e wind speed, wave height, wave period and potentially turbulence intensity (see Ref. [53]) e in a contour method, there is no clear solution in the literature. The design standard IEC 61400-3-1 [1] suggests that a 2D wind speed -wave height contour should be constructed and that spectral peak period should be chosen as the period that causes the highest loads at the particular combination of wind speed and wave height.…”
Section: Events Considered Independentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the wind industry, a simulation length of ten minutes has been considered enough to ensure statistical independence and stationarity [7], and it is currently the standard applied in the industry [10]- [13] for OWTs. However, this assumption is already being considered conservative for the offshore environment [10]. Similarly, it is common practice in the offshore industry to consider simulation lengths between 3 to 6 hours for floating structures [14].…”
Section: A) Statistical Uncertaintymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the original paper where the MECM was developed [25], as well as in further research [10], the simple linear regression approach is used to obtain the coefficients of the empirical distribution. This approach is based on the least-squares method; however, some limitations have been identified when it is used for extreme value fitting [26].…”
Section: Load Extrapolationmentioning
confidence: 99%