Extended excretion of rotavirus after severe diarrhoea in young children

Richardson, S C; Grimwood, Keith; Gorrell, Rebecca J.; Palombo, Enzo A.; Barnes, Graeme L.; Bishop, Ruth F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11257-0

Cited by 140 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Persistence of infection has been investigated in infants where shedding of rotavirus following severe disease was shown to have a broad distribution [35] with 30 % shedding for up to 57 days. There was no correlation with age but the age range was limited and sample sizes small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYRotaviral associated disease of infants in the UK is seasonal and infection in adults not uncommon but the relationship between these has been little explored. Adult sera collected monthly for one year from routine hospital samples were screened for the presence of anti-group A rotavirus immunoglobulin M class antibodies as a marker of recent infection. Anti-rotavirus IgM was seen in all age groups throughout the year with little obvious seasonal variation in the distribution of antibody levels. IgM concentrations and the proportion seropositive above a threshold both increased with age with high concentrations consistently observed in the elderly. Results suggest either high infection rates of rotavirus in adults, irrespective of seasonal disease incidence in infants, IgM persistence or IgM cross-reactivity. These results support recent evidence of differences between infant and adult rotavirus epidemiology and highlight the need for more extensive surveys to investigate age and time related infection and transmission of rotavirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Better health education promoting less exposure to a household member or others with diarrhoea could be implemented. This is of particular importance in view of recent findings that rotavirus can be excreted for up to 60 days after an episode of severe illness [30]. Being bottle fed or receiving bottle and breast feeding was associated with a ninefold risk and accounted for 82 % of the episodes in infants.…”

Section: Implications For Policymentioning

confidence: 95%

A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors associated with group A rotavirus in children

et al. 2001

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SUMMARYObjecti e : To identify risk factors for infectious intestinal disease (IID) due to rotavirus group A in children aged under 16 years. Methods : Case-control study of cases of IID with rotavirus infection presenting to general practitioners (GPs) or occurring in community cohorts, and matched controls. Results : There were 139 matched pairs. In children under 16 years the following risk factors were significantly associated with rotavirus IID : living in rented council housing (adjusted OR l 3n78, P l 0n022), accommodation with more than five rooms (OR l 0n72, P l 0n002), contact with someone ill with IID (OR l 3n45, P 0n001). Some foods were associated with decreased risk. In infants, bottle feeding with or without breast feeding was associated with increased risk (OR l 9n06, P 0n05). Conclusions : Contact with persons with IID, living in rented council housing and accommodation with fewer rooms, were significant risk factors for sporadic rotavirus IID in children whereas breast feeding is protective in infants.

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“…During natural infection with wild pathogenic strains, rotavirus is shed at very high titers with human feces, often reaching 1010 infectious particles per gram lasting for several days or weeks [71]. This study was conducted on severely affected children, and highlights the chance for large amounts of infectious virus to be released into sewage, and possibly enter the environment and food routes of spread and transmission.…”

Section: Residual Polioviruses In the 2000'smentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

Ruggeri

Fiore

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. Rotavirus and poliovirus are paradigmatic viruses for causing major diseases affecting the human population. The impact of poliovirus is remarkably diminished because of vaccination during the last half century. Poliomyelitis due to wild polio currently affects a limited number of countries, and since 2000 sporadic outbreaks have been associated to neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses. Conversely, rotavirus is presently very diffuse, accounting for the largest fraction of severe gastroenteritis among children <5 years-old. Vaccination towards rotavirus is still in its dawn, and zoonotic strains contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel strains pathogenic to man. The environment, particularly surface water, is a possible vehicle for large transmission of both viruses, but environmental surveillance of circulating strains can help promptly monitor entry of new virulent strains into a country, their shedding and spread.Key words: rotavirus, poliovirus, vaccine, waterborne transmission, surveillance. Riassunto (Malattie virali prevenibili con la vaccinazione e rischi associati alla trasmissione idrica).Rotavirus e poliovirus sono virus paradigmatici nel causare malattie importanti della popolazione umana. L'impatto dei poliovirus è diminuito marcatamente durante mezzo secolo di vaccinazione. La poliomielite dovuta a polio selvaggio affligge solo un limitato numero di paesi, e dal 2000 epidemie sporadiche sono state associate a poliovirus nerurovirulenti vaccino-derivati. Al contrario, rotavirus è oggi molto diffuso, essendo implicato nella maggiore parte dei casi di gastroenterite grave nei bambini di meno di 5 anni. La vaccinazione contro i rotavirus è ancora agli albori, e ceppi zoonotici contribuiscono all'emergenza ed evoluzione di nuovi ceppi patogeni per l'uomo. L'ambiente, in particolare le acque superficiali, è un possibile veicolo per la trasmissione di entrambi i virus, ma la sorveglianza ambientale dei ceppi circolanti può aiutare a monitorare prontamente l'ingresso di nuovi ceppi virulenti in un paese, il loro rilascio e diffusione.

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Extended excretion of rotavirus after severe diarrhoea in young children

Cited by 140 publications

References 25 publications

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors associated with group A rotavirus in children

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

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