Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin Resistance in
            <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Isolates of Animal Origin

Gray, Jeffrey T.; Hungerford, Laura L.; Fedorka–Cray, Paula J.; Headrick, Marcia L.

doi:10.1128/aac.48.8.3179-3181.2004

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…by conjugation. Transfer of a plasmid encoding the bla CMY-2 gene was confirmed by Southern blot detection [51] of the plasmid in the transconjugant (data not shown). Microarray hybridisations detected eight antimicrobial resistance genes including bla CMY-2 , dfrA1, aph3" (strA), aph6 (strB), sulII, tet(A), tet(R) and tnpA in both the donor (SE Np JG1198 donor) and the transconjugant (SE Tm JF217 trans.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Microarray Analysis Of Gene Trmentioning

confidence: 94%

DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria

Frye

Jesse

Long

et al. 2006

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Microarray Analysis Of Gene Trmentioning

confidence: 94%

DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria

Frye

Jesse

Long

et al. 2006

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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“…In the United States between 1996 and 1998, 13 ceftriaxone-resistant but otherwise unrelated Salmonella strains were isolated from symptomatic patients in eight states and were found to produce CMY-2 ␤-lactamase (50,80). Such strains have been isolated from cats, cattle, chickens, dogs, horses, pigs, and turkeys (112,340), and in one case, they were spread from infected calves to the farmer's 12-year-old son (89). Another small outbreak was traced to contaminated pet dog treats containing dried beef (259).…”

Section: Plasmid-mediated Ampc Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

AmpC β-Lactamases

2009

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SUMMARY AmpC β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and β-lactamase inhibitor-β-lactam combinations. In many bacteria, AmpC enzymes are inducible and can be expressed at high levels by mutation. Overexpression confers resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone and is a problem especially in infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae, where an isolate initially susceptible to these agents may become resistant upon therapy. Transmissible plasmids have acquired genes for AmpC enzymes, which consequently can now appear in bacteria lacking or poorly expressing a chromosomal blaAmpC gene, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Resistance due to plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes is less common than extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in most parts of the world but may be both harder to detect and broader in spectrum. AmpC enzymes encoded by both chromosomal and plasmid genes are also evolving to hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins more efficiently. Techniques to identify AmpC β-lactamase-producing isolates are available but are still evolving and are not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory, which probably now underestimates this resistance mechanism. Carbapenems can usually be used to treat infections due to AmpC-producing bacteria, but carbapenem resistance can arise in some organisms by mutations that reduce influx (outer membrane porin loss) or enhance efflux (efflux pump activation).

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“…Generally, a higher occurrence of resistance was found in cloacal feacal samples of flock a chicken compared with those from flock B chicken. Resistance of E. coli isolates from poultry origin to some conventional antibiotics has been reported both within and outside Nigeria (Zhang et al, 2010;Duru et al, 2013;Gray et al, 2004). Antibiotic resistant E. coli may persist in the intestinal tract of these poultry birds for a long period of time with or without the use of antibiotics, and these can serve as route via which they can be transmitted to human population directly or through consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in chicken grown with and without antibiotic supplemented feed

Chinwe¹,

Thomas²,

Ifeanyichukwu³

et al. 2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Drug resistant Escherichia coli persist in the intestinal flora of poultry birds, and these serve as route via which they can be transmitted directly to humans, thus contributing to the already growing crisis of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates from chicken fed with and without antibiotic supplemented feeds. Cloacal feacal swabs (n = 200) were aseptically obtained from two poultry farms in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi state of Nigeria, and these were inoculated on MacConkey and cystinelactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) media and incubated at 37°C for 18 to 24 h. Suspected colonies of E. coli growing on the agar media were subcultured, purified and further characterized using standard microbiology techniques. Antibiogram was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per the clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) criteria. A total of 45 E. coli was isolated from the 200 cloacal feacal swab samples used for this study. Overall, 28% of E. coli were isolated from chicken fed with feed supplemented with antibiotics while only 17% of E. coli was isolated from chicken that received feed without antibiotics supplements. All the E. coli isolates showed varying rates of resistance and susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. Our results strongly reveal the occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli from chicken fed with and without antibiotic supplemented feeds. It is very critical that the continuous use of antibiotics in poultry production be strictly monitored, controlled and discouraged in order to contain the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria through poultry production.

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Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin Resistance in Salmonella enterica Isolates of Animal Origin

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria

DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria

AmpC β-Lactamases

Cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in chicken grown with and without antibiotic supplemented feed

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